�For the first time in my adult life, I am really
proud of my country because it feels like hope is finally making
a comeback,� said Michelle Obama in March 2008.
See. See. She�s a militant! She remembers!
In the same month, journalist Evan Thomas, in �Alienated
in the U.S.A.,�
published for Newsweek, referred to Michelle
Obama�s Princeton thesis in which the student Obama recalls
her experiences at Princeton. Although Michelle Obama comes from a working-class family,
Thomas noted that Obama referred to being �far more aware� of
her ��blackness�� at Princeton.
I
have found that at Princeton no matter how liberal and open-minded some of my White professors
and classmates try to be towards me, I sometimes feel like a visitor
on campus; as if I really don't belong. Regardless of the circumstances
under which I interact with Whites at Princeton,
it often seems as if, to them, I will always be Black first and
a student second.
Thomas notes Obama�s concern that she will �remain
on the periphery of society: never becoming a full participant�
even if she �assimilates.�
Thomas continues: Obama�s thesis �surveyed 400
black Princeton alumni� Obama was surprised
and disappointed, writes Thomas when these alums reported that
when they entered the �wider world� and achieved �great upward
social mobility,� they also �ceased to identify primarily with
the black community.�
Thomas: �Of course, the same happened to her when
she entered the real world. Indeed, she somewhat reluctantly anticipates
her fate in her thesis.�
Perceptive? No, not really. Although I am aware
that for many U.S. citizens it is normal, indeed, a display
of civilized behavior on the part of a Black who ceases
to identify with �blackness� and with the Black community, for
others, including Black citizens, conscious of the necessity of
white supremacy and capitalism to conquer and divide, the sacrifice
of �blackness� is the dues one must pay to thrive in the
belly of the beast.
Michelle
Obama had to toss aside her memory of blackness for the equation:
forgetfulness and assimilation equals status and power within
white America. In republican / democrat
/ conservative / liberal even progressive America, we have re-entered
with a vengeance, to use Black journalist and critic, Kevin A.
Gray�s words, kick-a-nigger era.
Anything goes! Acquittals for the murdering of
young Black men, bus loads of Black incarnated men and women,
racists remarks in the media, racist remarks and acts, blatant,
but cast in color-blind language, Black interests - high foreclosures,
homelessness, high unemployment rates, inadequate health care,
and poor quality education - dismissed in Reagan language of trick-down
theory.
And from within the Black community, the kicking is
permissible!
We owe the degeneration of the Black community
to disaster capitalism, shock doctrine style destruction of our
interests and goals - a disaster capitalism that demands the collaboration
of the perpetrator and the oppressed to succeed in leaving as
little as possible of the spirit, strength, courage, resistance,
and focus it took to survive the middle passage and 400 years
of slavery and subsequent years of disenfranchisement standing.
We have as president and commander-in-chief the
husband of Michelle Obama who says don�t return to the past, don�t
remember.
Last weekend, I listened to three Pacifica radio
programs and watched one Book TV program on C-Span online featuring
�Black history� or in a broad sense, U.S. history�s foundational
yet marginal story of violence. It�s the kind of violence - not
Black crime, if foundational and marginal - but the kind
of violence that innocence indulges with eyes wide open.
Each program featured an author and a book and
compelling narratives that warrant discussion. We, at the BC,
welcome your feedback. I have yet to read the books. Two of the
books were written when I had the misfortune of being Black while
living in Wisconsin and working in academia. It�s interesting
that two of the books were not published by academic presses and,
while all of the authors seem by academic methodology, perhaps
these offer works can�t be tolerated, as the subject of white
on Black violence can�t be considered an example of what counts
for diversity in our post-racial era.
Maybe. But we have something to remember.
On a sylvan stretch of N Y�s Patricia upper Fifth Avenue, just across from the NY Academy
of Medicine, a colossus in marble, august inscriptions and a bas-relief
caduceus grace a memorial bordering Central
Park. These laurels venerate the surgeon James M. Sims, M.D.,
as a selfless benefactor of women.
The
image of the benevolent �father of gynecology� begins Harriet
A. Washington�s Medical
Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black
Americans from Colonial Times to the Present(Doubleday,
2006). What�s missing is a coating of blood flowing from countless
bodies of Black women. Asked to recount her research on the development
of gynecology as a field of medicine, Dr. Washington talked about the unspeakable, the invisible,
the omitted narrative of Dr. James Marion Sims. The good doctor,
explained Dr. Washington,
conducted �painful and degrading� procedures for the caesarian,
for the removal of ovaries, for the repair of fistula and for
other ailments, were conducted on Black enslaved women without
the benefit of anesthesia. The women - Black - �couldn�t say no.�
Of course, Dr. Sims became a success! The surgeries
he performed made him famous. He�s rewarded: the first president
of the Medical Association! A hero, as Dr. Washington said, to many women - white women - Dr. Sims never mentioned
that he owed his success to Black enslaved women.
�Dr. Sims dedicated his career to the care and cure
of women�s disorders and opened the nation�s first hospital for
women in NYC�Hospitals still bear his name, including a west African
hospital that utilizes the eponymous gynecological instruments
that he first invented for surgeries upon black female slaves
in the 1840s.
Those Black women, our ancestors, who didn�t become
heroes and don�t have monuments commemorating their sacrifices
are kicked under the bus.
But there�s the pattern of excising memory of injustice
and oppression, crime and victims for that �great upward social
mobility.�
The narratives that Dr. Harriet A. Washington recounts
are something to remember in pursuing reparations. But, is it
possible for us to risk remembering?
To remember isn�t only criminal but an illness.
Jonathan Metzl is a white author. In a post-racial
world, white writers and scholars have declared themselves equipped
with the necessary perspective to critique and study Black culture
and identity. Nothing new here: orientalism on the comeback
- with a vengeance! Ever encounter white faculty in the halls
of academia smile and wink as they talk with you about their courses
in Black women�s history or literature or the study of Black critical
thought while you and other Black faculty are relegated to courses
that do not require your knowledge of race, gender, and class?
So naturally, I was suspicious. Blackness that
becomes marketable, familiar, comfortable for white
Americans. Pathology. But as I watched Dr. Metzl�s presentation
on C-Span, I realized his work wouldn�t comfort white America.
�Schizophrenia, said Dr. Metzl, is �a way of talking
about race� without specifically referring to Black people. And
it is not just any Black person diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Recognized as a predominantly �white� disease until
the late 1950s, schizophrenia becomes associated with Black men
who by the 1960s and 1970s are diagnosed with the illness, Dr.
Metzl argues. What is happening in the U.S. during the 1960s and 1970s? Well, there�s
the Civil Rights Movement and Black protest. Even before the 60s
and 70s, asserts, enslaved Blacks who ran away or who attempted
to run away from their masters were considered ill. �Freedom,�
that is, desiring freedom, says Dr. Metzl, was considered �an
illness� in the antebellum era. In the era of Black protest, �protest�
was code for �insanity.� The anomaly in white America is/was Black culture.
�People
[who] felt they were going to change the society, ordinary people,�
were considered crazy. Dr. Metzl suggests that the shift
and categorization of Black protest is an �issue of capitalism,�
because Black protest, demanding freedom is recognized as a threat
to capitalism and the dominance of one race in the U.S.
The
Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease
(Beacon, 2010), traces the collapse of rest home clinics for white
women diagnosed with schizophrenia to the rise of correctional
centers housed with Black men suffering from schizophrenia. While
Dr. Metzl acknowledges the presence of biological appearance of
schizophrenia in any population, he questions why and how this
racially shift from one population to another coincidently developed
during after the Civil Rights / Black Power movements.
How do we, once a people who survived that Middle
Passage, those 400 years of slavery and subsequent years of disenfranchisement
and now - divided - ceasing to identify with ourselves, not recognize
that we have been conquered. We have submitted, I would
argue, to the healthy image, that is, the assimilated
image of the Black who gleefully speaks of �we� interests,
boss is threatened!
What is life under tyranny?
In Metzl�s audience is a man who knows! He stands
to announce that Metzl is wrong. It�s not racism! He alluded
to the bogeyman! If a Black policeman is called to scene
and there�s this Black guy - well, the Black police better be
prepared to deal with this Black guy!
But is this Metzl�s argument?
The one who knows has a theory. It�s sexism! White
women and Black women are not present in these facilities of predominantly
Black men diagnosed with schizophrenia. No women. Only Black men.
Sexism!
Anything! But be sure to kick-a-nigger out of the
picture! The whole race of Black people is inherently insane!
To remember isn�t only criminal but an illness!
Linked to the War on Protest is the War on Drugs.
In The
New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness,
(New Press, 2010), Michelle Alexander argues that the incarceration
of Blacks and Browns is a practice of racial control. Since the
War on Drugs began, in less than 30 years the prison population
has increased from 300,000 to 2 million, said Dr. Alexander, interviewed
by Sasha Lilley on Against the Grain (KPFA). �Drug convictions
account for the majority of the increase.�
As Dr. Alexander explains, drug use was actually
declining at the time Reagan declared a War on Drugs in 1982.
�Crack cocaine [hadn�t become] an issue in poor Black communities.�
But Republican politicians in the South listened to the concerns
of poor and working class whites, worried about the job competition
and, the laws of the land were adjusted to restore repressive
measures against the Black population.
In 1954, employment rates among Black youths 16-19
was higher than rates for white youths in the same age group.
By 1984, with de-industrialization, globalization, and the War
on Drugs, Black communities experienced �quadruple� rates of unemployment
among Black youth, said Dr. Alexander. (1984 is after the Civil
Rights era, after we sang �We Shall Overcome,� after this government
declared Blacks free, again!).
After 1984 and continuing now in 2010, Black communities
find themselves in a situation in which they have �no control.�
Low-income Black men found themselves �disposable� and �hauled
off to prison� In time, huge segments of the Black community became
�politically disenfranchised,� said Dr. Alexander.
Can�t find a Black juror?
See the big picture: The War on Protest diagnosed
freedom as the illness and collected bodies to sedate while it
devised the death machine COINTELPRO, and poor and working class
Blacks move in and out of prison and correctional facilities as
a result of the War on Drugs.
Profitable?
Absolutely! But what�s crazy about �legalized segregation�? Only
the Black population in the U.S.A.!
But, it�s all so colorblind now. Explicit
hatred and anger against Blacks is in! Kick-a-nigger and then
claim he or she did it to themselves!
Proud of America?
We were not perfect, but we used to honor those
who endured the brutality and sacrificed their lives so that we
may live. I don�t think they intended for us to live in
imitation of the larger society - by standing on the backs of
our own people.
Even as they risked everything to reach freedom, African
Americans once secret anguish of literacy emerged as both public
demand and support for education. Their determination to acquire
literacy and numeracy generated the energy to build schoolhouses
even while they tackled the physical challenges of hunger, disease,
and homelessness.
Heather Andrea Williams�s Self-Taught:
African American Education in Slavery and Freedom published
by the University of North Carolina Press, 2005 collects the stories of enslaved and freed
Blacks as they struggled to acquire literacy.
A professor of history, Williams said that her
book is �relevant in our contemporary moment when so many of us
are concerned about the quality of education that children receive
in schools as well as the level of engagement of these children
in the educational process.�
In her talk, Dr. Williams referred to those Black
children forced to adopt an oppositional stand in school
as they feel they not welcomed or don�t belong. These children,
she continues, come to believe that �their ways of being, of behaving,
of speaking is substandard.� These children practice �rejecting
before being rejected,� and consequently, their oppositional stand
�further distances them from teachers.�
Yet,
I am reminded that Michelle Obama, too, felt she didn�t belong
at Princeton. For a short time, she clung
to her �blackness� as a defense while our current generation of
young Black people, in self-defense, adopt an oppositional stand
that furthers the death of the Black community? Why? What has
happened in the last 150 years, 40 years?
What have we been made to forget and why? The recently
freed Blacks, among other things, wanted to read the Bible so
they could discover whether or not Black really had to submit
as servants to their masters. Today, some of us read the Bible
to empower us as individuals, distinguishing, with the voice of
authority, the damned from the blessed. The Past? Some of us read
the Jewish history of the Exodus to the stubborn exclusion of
reading David
Walker's Appeal or Frantz Fanon�s The
Wretched of the Earth.
We had the printing presses cranking
out papers. Today, we watch Fox News and CNN reports on Black
criminality.
What
have we been made to forget and why? Any why are we not willing
to engage the question but submit willingly as servants to masters?
Some of us think we are past the question and others assume the
role of the servant to �get ahead.� Some day in the future, things
will, on their on accord, work themselves out.
Dr.
Williams addresses the �status of exceptionalism� - noting that
those who achieve academia status are questioned by whites who
want to know �what makes us so different�? The status of exceptionalism
allows whites to maintain their belief about the inferiority of
the masses of Blacks while acknowledging the �exception.�
Although
she begins her courses in history with the study of ancient Africans,
Dr. Williams said she encourages her students to imagine the courage
of ordinary people in slavery in the U.S.
and in the Caribbean. These were people �resisting,� dreaming and hoping. Our children
are deliberately kept ignorant of our history of resistance. Black
history has been co-opted to market the pacifying program of non-violence,
peace, tranquility, calm. Our
ancestors who lived despite the effort of the masters to kill
them, those who fought between water holes and bullets, are witnessing
our Black women writers speaking softly and daintily about gardening
and the �good ol� days� of the Movement. What Black child will
contribute to the history of the history of the Nubian? Or what
Black child will chronicle the degradation of the workers, the
poor, and the oppressed in this 21st century?
Servants in capitalism - that�s the only comeback of business as
usual that really never disappeared. Slavery is the economic
bases within the prison industry. Neo-slavery is what some of
us call work in the White House, Congress, educational
institutions, or the factories regardless of our �educational�
achievement or �financial� status.� We�ve come a long way from
those kick-a-nigger days of Jim Crow, and the Empire with its
corporate rulers has stayed one step ahead of our �getting ahead�
to alienate the servants from the insane.
But we who believe in freedom�
As
Dr. Heather Andrea Williams reminds us, our past is the struggle
to survive brutality but also our past represents the �resilient
and creative and hopeful,� she said, �because these are the characteristics
that are essential for survival.�
BlackCommentator.com
Editorial Board member, Lenore Jean Daniels, PhD, has been a writer
for over thirty years of commentary, resistance criticism and
cultural theory, and short stories with a Marxist sensibility
to the impact of cultural narrative violence and its antithesis,
resistance narratives. With entrenched dedication to justice and
equality, she has served as a coordinator of student and community
resistance projects that encourage the Black Feminist idea of
an equalitarian community and facilitator of student-teacher communities
behind the walls of academia for the last twenty years. Dr. Daniels
holds a PhD in Modern American Literatures, with a specialty in
Cultural Theory (race, gender, class narratives) from Loyola
University, Chicago. Click
here
to contact Dr. Daniels.