“Davos delegates do not seem to know
how to react to events in Egypt,” Gideon Rachman, the Financial Times’
chief foreign affairs columnist, wrote last week. “The
young people demonstrating on the streets of Cairo
do not speak with the kind of voices that are represented
at the forum.”
You can say that again.
The contrast between these two events
on the world stage could hardly have been more striking
and instructive. While the mucky mucks of the world, prominent
characters from the fields of finance, industry, entertainment,
journalism and labor, gathered to ponder the state of the
planet the ground was trembling beneath their feet. What
Frantz Fanon called the The
Wretched of the Earth were pushing the lavish conclave
in the Swiss Alps off the front pages. If Rachman was right,
the luminaries in Davos were at a loss.
While Davos wound down, most of the
world’s attention was focused on events in Egypt, and to lesser extent on Tunisia and Yemen. However, it would be a big mistake to assume
the moving and shaking that has commenced is somehow restricted
to “the Arab world.”
First of all, while Egypt is indeed part of the Middle East, it is
also part of Africa, in fact the continent’s
largest country. The tremors that started a couple of weeks
ago in Tunis have extended south as well as east.
For some reason, the U.S. mass media has studiously avoided the situation
in Sudan.
Well, not quite. The big story has been the plebiscite by
the Sudanese south to secede from the country (a prospect
that is viewed with mixed feelings in Africa where the breakup of nations, particularly when championed from
the outside, is viewed with trepidation). It’s the story
of what’s happening in the North that has been ignored for
three weeks now.
On Sunday, Reuters reported:
“Heavily armed police patrol Khartoum’s
main streets beat and arrested students in central Khartoum”
“Sudanese police have beaten and
arrested students as protests broke out throughout Khartoum
demanding the government resign, inspired by a popular uprising
in neighboring Egypt,” said the news agency. “Hundreds
of armed riot police broke on Sunday up groups of young
Sudanese demonstrating in central Khartoum
and surrounded the entrances of four universities in the
capital, firing teargas and beating students at three of
them. Police beat students with batons as they chanted anti-government
slogans such as ‘we are ready to die for Sudan’ and ‘revolution, revolution
until victory.’
“There were further protests in North
Kordofan capital el-Obeid in Sudan’s west, where around
500 protesters engulfed the market before police used tear
gas to disperse them, three witnesses said. ‘They were shouting
against the government and demanding change,’ said witness
Ahmed who declined to give his full name.”
Reuters
said the students were “galvanized by social networks.”
Groups have emerged on social networking
sites calling themselves Youth for Change and The Spark.
“The people of Sudan
will not remain silent anymore,” the Youth for Change Facebook
page read. “It is about time we demand our rights and take
what’s ours in a peaceful demonstration that will not involve
any acts of sabotage.”
The demonstrations in the Sudan actually began January
13 with Sudanese police brutally trying to crush student
protests against proposed cuts in subsidies in petroleum
products and sugar. Widespread economic and political discontent
has provoked sporadic street protests in north Sudan
in recent weeks, with the security forces maintaining tight
control in Khartoum.
Sudan is also part of the Arab world and
Africa and conditions there are present in other parts of
the latter, producing tensions and mass dissatisfaction
in places like Zimbabwe
and the Ivory
Coast. “While most sub-Saharan African
countries are freer than the Arab states, they also share
some of the social tensions, political frustrations and
high levels of unemployment that have proved so explosive
in the north,” said the Financial Times on Sunday.
Last Saturday, police in Gabon fired tear gas to break up a demonstration
in the capital Libreville
by around 5,000 opposition supporters during which up to
20 people were reportedly wounded. It was the second such
confrontation in a week. One report said five people have
been killed and scores injured. “The usually sleepy central
African oil exporter has been troubled since a 2009 election
won by Ali Bongo Odimba, but which the main opposition group
- inspired by power struggles in Tunisia and Ivory Coast
- is insisting was rigged,” Reuters reported January
27. The 2009 election saw Ali Bongo Odimba replace his father,
the late President Omar Bongo. Hundreds of supporters of
opposition leader Andre Mba Obame, who declared himself
president last week and formed a rival government, gathered
outside the local United Nations offices to demand he be
recognized as president. At a protest rally, Mba Obame pointed
to Ivory Coast
and Tunisia saying, “history
was on the march.”
The problems that ignited the fire
in Tunisia
exist in other parts of Africa as well.
As in other parts of the world, the prices of many basic
commodities are rising and the effect is severe in some
parts of Asia, Africa and Latin America.
The economic crisis in the developed world has reverberated
strongly in some places, and in most countries of the region,
economic inequality has increased alongside ostentatious
conspicuous consumption on the part of the native elites.
Africa and the Arab world are not
the only places where the U.S.
and European governments have found themselves allied with
local despots now confronted with simmering discontent or
open street protests. “Riddled
with sporadic unrest for much of its recent history, Albania finds itself contending with anti-corruption
riots as well,” Rene Mullen wrote on Yahoo News Contributors’
network the other day. “However, unlike Egypt and Tunisia, much of the media has turned a blind
eye to Albanians’ current fight for better government. Albania’s recent demonstrations hold similar demographic
triggers as Egypt’s
demonstrations: anti-corruption sprinkled with general unrest
over economic disparities. However, few are suggesting Tunisia’s
Jasmine Revolution helped instigate Albania’s unrest.”
Probably not; it could have been
the other way around. We live today in a world globalized
media and a Facebook page is a Facebook page is a Facebook
page, wherever you are.
Or, take Uzbekistan. There have been sporadic street demonstrations
over food prices there since 2005. That year, Uzbek security
forces crushed protests, reportedly killing up to 1,000
people, mainly unarmed civilians. Last December, US Secretary
of State, Hillary Clinton, was in the Uzbek capitol Tashkent,
signing a cooperation deal with the leaders of the natural
gas–rich Central Asian country and asking them to “translate
words into practice” to improve their human rights situation.”
After Tunisia and Egypt, she should turn that plea into a robo call
to be broadcast regularly – to no avail.
Meanwhile, back in Egypt, the drama continued
to unfold. As the week began it appeared the stage was being
set for a U.S.-sponsored military takeover.
It should be borne in mind that the
conflict being played out in the streets of Cairo,
Sharm El-Sheikh , Suez and Alexandria is not
merely the Mubarak family versus the protestors. Hosni Mubarak
is in power because the Egyptian ruling class wants him
there. (Its constituents were busy fleeing the country over
the weekend in their private jets). A Cairo chauffer told
the German Press Agency, “The only times people who
live in better-off areas come into contact with those who
are socially disadvantaged - many of whom live in illegally
built shanty towns - are when they see their cleaners, their
drivers, their concierges.”
It
is true that that the army [the 10th largest in the world]
plays a somewhat independent role but it has been up to
now to buttress the rich and the powerful. Since the end
of the Egyptian monarchy, all four leaders have come from
its ranks. It looks like, if Washington has its way, the next Egyptian ruler
will emerge from the barracks as well. The tipoff may well
have come when the capitol inside,r Columnist Fareed Zakaria,
appearing on CNN Sunday advised the Obama Administration
to ease Mubarak out and set up the new “vice-president”
Omar Suleiman as the person to oversee what it usually refers
to as “an orderly transition.” Suleiman is, in the words
of the New York Times, “the establishment’s candidate,”
“business oriented” and one who “shares Washington’s
foreign policy agenda.”
According to Jane Meyer in The
New Yorker, Suleiman is “a well-known quantity in Washington.
Suave, sophisticated, and fluent in English” who “has served
for years as the main conduit between the United States and Mubarak.” In her book “The Dark
Side,” she describes how “since 1993 Suleiman has headed
the feared Egyptian general intelligence service. In that
capacity, he was the C.I.A.’s point man in Egypt
for renditions - the covert program in which the C.I.A.
snatched terror suspects from around the world and returned
them to Egypt and elsewhere for interrogation, often under
brutal circumstances.”
“The U.S. has long sought to block democracy in the
Arab world, fearing that it would lead to the emergence
of Islamist regimes,” writes Steven Kinzer in Newsweek.
That’s not quite the story. Washington, Paris and London
have, for six decades now, propped up repressive regimes
and helped them brutally crush left, secular and Islamist
movements and parties because it was afraid of popular revolutions
that could sweep aside the local elites who control and
sell their countries’ natural resources – like oil.
“With the once omnipotent security
forces looking beatable, Egyptians of all backgrounds rose
to join the fight: students, trade unionists, women, rights
activists, Islamists and, crucially, the great workers’
army of Egypt’s employed and unemployed.,” read the lead
editorial in the Guardian (UK) January 29. Here,
truly, was people power in all its magnificent might. Here
was democracy in the raw. Here was the legitimacy of an
Egypt freed of its old fears
and suddenly alive to its changing destiny. In five days
of rage, they seized control of their country’s future.
And so, inevitably, Mubarak must go.”
“The revolution threatens not only
Hosni Mubarak’s regime but the strategy the US
and Britain
have constructed in the Middle East,”
the paper said the next day. “The hesitancy with which President
Mubarak reacted last night was matched only by the perceptible
shift in the emphasis of the statements by the US Secretary of State, Hillary
Clinton. Only two days ago she said the US assessment was that the
Egyptian government was stable and was looking for ways
to respond to the legitimate interests of the Egyptian people.
The primary importance of keeping a key Arab ally and Middle
East interlocutor stable was also emphasized yesterday by
Tony Blair, the Quartet’s envoy. Faced with the conflicting
needs to keep an Arab partner of Israel afloat and to respond to demands for democratic
reform, the US
would choose the first every time. After yesterday’s events,
Ms. Clinton’s calls to lift internet controls and respond
to the grievances of Egyptians became more strident. But
it was too little, too late. Ms. Clinton’s initial support
for the Mubarak regime had not been lost on Egyptians battling
for their freedoms.”
And the Middle East, Africa, and the rest of the world.
BlackCommentator.com Editorial Board member
Carl Bloice is a writer in San Francisco, a member of the National Coordinating Committee of
the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism and formerly worked for
a healthcare union. Click here to contact Mr. Bloice.
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