“Davos
delegates do not seem to know how to react to events in Egypt,” Gideon Rachman,
the Financial Times’ chief foreign affairs columnist, wrote last
week. “The young people demonstrating on the streets of Cairo
do not speak with the kind of voices that are represented at the forum.”
You can say that again.
The contrast between these two events
on the world stage could hardly have been more striking and instructive.
While the mucky mucks of the world, prominent characters from the fields
of finance, industry, entertainment, journalism and labor, gathered to
ponder the state of the planet the ground was trembling beneath their
feet. What Frantz Fanon called the The
Wretched of the Earth were pushing the lavish conclave in the Swiss
Alps off the front pages. If Rachman was right,
the luminaries in Davos were at a loss.
While Davos
wound down, most of the world’s attention was focused on events in Egypt, and to lesser extent on Tunisia and Yemen. However, it would be a big mistake to assume
the moving and shaking that has commenced is somehow restricted to “the
Arab world.”
First of all, while Egypt is indeed part of the Middle East, it is
also part of Africa, in fact the continent’s largest
country. The tremors that started a couple of weeks ago in Tunis have extended south as well as east.
For some reason, the U.S. mass media has studiously avoided the situation
in Sudan.
Well, not quite. The big story has been the plebiscite by the Sudanese
south to secede from the country (a prospect that is viewed with mixed
feelings in Africa where the breakup of nations, particularly when championed from
the outside, is viewed with trepidation). It’s the story of what’s happening
in the North that has been ignored for three weeks now.
On Sunday, Reuters reported:
“Heavily armed police patrol Khartoum’s main streets
beat and arrested students in central Khartoum”
“Sudanese police have beaten and
arrested students as protests broke out throughout Khartoum demanding
the government resign, inspired by a popular uprising in neighboring Egypt,”
said the news agency. “Hundreds of armed riot police broke on Sunday up
groups of young Sudanese demonstrating in central Khartoum
and surrounded the entrances of four universities in the capital, firing
teargas and beating students at three of them. Police beat students with
batons as they chanted anti-government slogans such as ‘we are ready to
die for Sudan’ and ‘revolution, revolution
until victory.’
“There were further protests in North
Kordofan capital el-Obeid in Sudan’s west, where
around 500 protesters engulfed the market before police used tear gas
to disperse them, three witnesses said. ‘They were shouting against the
government and demanding change,’ said witness Ahmed who declined to give
his full name.”
Reuters
said the students were “galvanized by social networks.”
Groups have emerged on social networking
sites calling themselves Youth for Change and The Spark. “The people of
Sudan
will not remain silent anymore,” the Youth for Change Facebook page read.
“It is about time we demand our rights and take what’s ours in a peaceful
demonstration that will not involve any acts of sabotage.”
The demonstrations in the Sudan actually began January
13 with Sudanese police brutally trying to crush student protests against
proposed cuts in subsidies in petroleum products and sugar. Widespread
economic and political discontent has provoked sporadic street protests
in north Sudan in recent
weeks, with the security forces maintaining tight control in Khartoum.
Sudan is also part of the Arab world and
Africa and conditions there are present in other parts of the latter,
producing tensions and mass dissatisfaction in places like Zimbabwe
and the Ivory Coast.
“While most sub-Saharan African countries are freer than the Arab states,
they also share some of the social tensions, political frustrations and
high levels of unemployment that have proved so explosive in the north,”
said the Financial Times on Sunday.
Last Saturday, police in Gabon fired tear gas to break up a demonstration
in the capital Libreville by
around 5,000 opposition supporters during which up to 20 people were reportedly
wounded. It was the second such confrontation in a week. One report said
five people have been killed and scores injured. “The usually sleepy central
African oil exporter has been troubled since a 2009 election won by Ali
Bongo Odimba, but which the main opposition group - inspired by
power struggles in Tunisia and Ivory Coast - is insisting was rigged,”
Reuters reported January 27. The 2009 election saw Ali Bongo Odimba
replace his father, the late President Omar Bongo. Hundreds of supporters
of opposition leader Andre Mba Obame, who declared himself
president last week and formed a rival government, gathered outside the
local United Nations offices to demand he be recognized as president.
At a protest rally, Mba Obame
pointed to Ivory Coast
and Tunisia saying, “history
was on the march.”
The problems that ignited the fire
in Tunisia exist in
other parts of Africa as well. As in other parts
of the world, the prices of many basic commodities are rising and the
effect is severe in some parts of Asia, Africa and Latin
America. The economic crisis in the developed world has reverberated strongly
in some places, and in most countries of the region, economic inequality
has increased alongside ostentatious conspicuous consumption on the part
of the native elites.
Africa and the Arab world are not
the only places where the U.S.
and European governments have found themselves allied with local despots
now confronted with simmering discontent or open street protests. “Riddled
with sporadic unrest for much of its recent history, Albania finds itself contending with anti-corruption
riots as well,” Rene Mullen wrote on Yahoo News Contributors’ network
the other day. “However, unlike Egypt and Tunisia, much of the media has turned a blind
eye to Albanians’ current fight for better government. Albania’s recent demonstrations hold similar demographic
triggers as Egypt’s
demonstrations: anti-corruption sprinkled with general unrest over economic
disparities. However, few are suggesting Tunisia’s
Jasmine Revolution helped instigate Albania’s unrest.”
Probably not; it could have been
the other way around. We live today in a world globalized media and a
Facebook page is a Facebook page is a Facebook page, wherever you are.
Or, take Uzbekistan. There have been sporadic street demonstrations
over food prices there since 2005. That year, Uzbek security forces crushed
protests, reportedly killing up to 1,000 people, mainly unarmed civilians.
Last December, US Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, was in the Uzbek
capitol Tashkent, signing a cooperation deal with the leaders of the natural
gas–rich Central Asian country and asking them to “translate words into
practice” to improve their human rights situation.” After Tunisia and Egypt, she should turn that plea into a robo
call to be broadcast regularly – to no avail.
Meanwhile, back in Egypt, the drama continued
to unfold. As the week began it appeared the stage was being set for a
U.S.-sponsored military takeover.
It should be borne in mind that the
conflict being played out in the streets of Cairo,
Sharm El-Sheikh , Suez and Alexandria is not
merely the Mubarak family versus the protestors. Hosni Mubarak is in power
because the Egyptian ruling class wants him there. (Its constituents were
busy fleeing the country over the weekend in their private jets). A Cairo
chauffer told the German Press Agency, “The only times people who
live in better-off areas come into contact with those who are socially
disadvantaged - many of whom live in illegally built shanty towns - are
when they see their cleaners, their drivers, their concierges.”
It is true that that the army [the
10th largest in the world] plays a somewhat independent role but it has
been up to now to buttress the rich and the powerful. Since the end of
the Egyptian monarchy, all four leaders have come from its ranks. It looks
like, if Washington has its way, the next Egyptian ruler
will emerge from the barracks as well. The tipoff may well have come when
the capitol inside,r Columnist Fareed Zakaria, appearing on CNN
Sunday advised the Obama Administration to ease Mubarak out and set
up the new “vice-president” Omar Suleiman as the person to oversee what
it usually refers to as “an orderly transition.” Suleiman is, in the words
of the New York Times, “the establishment’s candidate,” “business
oriented” and one who “shares Washington’s
foreign policy agenda.”
According to Jane Meyer in The
New Yorker, Suleiman is “a well-known quantity in Washington.
Suave, sophisticated, and fluent in English” who “has
served for years as the main conduit between the United States and Mubarak.” In her book
“The Dark Side,” she describes how “since 1993 Suleiman has headed the
feared Egyptian general intelligence service. In that capacity, he was
the C.I.A.’s point man in Egypt
for renditions - the covert program in which the C.I.A. snatched terror
suspects from around the world and returned them to Egypt and elsewhere for interrogation, often under
brutal circumstances.”
“The U.S. has long sought to block democracy in the
Arab world, fearing that it would lead to the emergence of Islamist regimes,”
writes Steven Kinzer in Newsweek. That’s
not quite the story. Washington, Paris and London have, for six decades
now, propped up repressive regimes and helped them brutally crush left,
secular and Islamist movements and parties because it was afraid of popular
revolutions that could sweep aside the local elites who control and sell
their countries’ natural resources – like oil.
“With the once omnipotent security
forces looking beatable, Egyptians of all backgrounds rose to join the
fight: students, trade unionists, women, rights activists, Islamists and,
crucially, the great workers’ army of Egypt’s employed and unemployed.,”
read the lead editorial in the Guardian (UK) January 29. Here,
truly, was people power in all its magnificent might. Here was democracy
in the raw. Here was the legitimacy of an Egypt freed of its old fears
and suddenly alive to its changing destiny. In five days of rage, they
seized control of their country’s future. And so, inevitably, Mubarak
must go.”
“The revolution threatens not only
Hosni Mubarak’s regime but the strategy the US
and Britain have constructed
in the Middle East,” the paper said the next day.
“The hesitancy with which President Mubarak reacted last night was matched
only by the perceptible shift in the emphasis of the statements by the
US Secretary of State, Hillary
Clinton. Only two days ago she said the US assessment was that the
Egyptian government was stable and was looking for ways to respond to
the legitimate interests of the Egyptian people. The primary importance
of keeping a key Arab ally and Middle East interlocutor
stable was also emphasized yesterday by Tony Blair, the Quartet’s envoy.
Faced with the conflicting needs to keep an Arab partner of Israel afloat and to respond to demands for democratic
reform, the US
would choose the first every time. After yesterday’s events, Ms. Clinton’s
calls to lift internet controls and respond to the grievances of Egyptians
became more strident. But it was too little, too late. Ms. Clinton’s initial
support for the Mubarak regime had not been lost on Egyptians battling
for their freedoms.”
And the Middle East, Africa, and the rest of the world.
BlackCommentator.com Editorial Board member
Carl Bloice is a writer in San Francisco, a member of the National Coordinating Committee of
the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism and formerly worked for
a healthcare union. Click here to contact Mr. Bloice.
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