It was on February
21, 1965 that Malcolm X was assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom
in Manhattan,
New York by forces that were trying to stop his impact on our
movement. They were not successful. He will forever remain our “Shining
Black Prince.” Malcolm X was a man who should be studied carefully in our efforts
to examine a critical period in our history - the 1960s. It was
during this period that Malcolm X became an internationally known
and respected African in America leader, whose ideas were widely
discussed and debated.
It was through the Nation of Islam, under the leadership of
the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, that Malcolm X was given an opportunity
to develop his tremendous talents as a teacher, researcher, orator,
and organizer.
Malcolm X joined the Nation of Islam while in prison in 1952.
After his release in the mid 1950s, Malcolm X became a full-time
minister for the Nation of Islam, and organization that became
one of the most important organizations in the history of African
in America people. From his main base in Harlem, at Mosque Number
7, he launched his talents on the world.
Malcolm X was a revolutionary who presented a model of Black
manhood that shook the world. When Malcolm X finally left the
Nation of Islam, because of internal differences, he decided
to take his first trip to Mother Africa. Malcolm spent five weeks
in Africa, from April 13 to May 21, 1964.
This trip helped reestablish our links with
the movement to reclaim “Africa for the Africans.” Malcolm
met many of the leaders and people of Africa. He visited Saudi
Arabia,
Egypt, Lebanon, Nigeria, Ghana, Monrovia, Liberia, Senegal, Tanzania,
Guinea, Morocco, and Algeria. This trip and subsequent trips
abroad helped Malcolm sharpen his understanding of the worldwide
system of white supremacy as the number one enemy of African
people throughout the world. This has not changed.
After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm began to broaden
his organizing strategies by attempting to reach out and work
with many of the more established civil rights organizations
and to build movement tendencies to a common organizational vehicle.
Malcolm began building this vehicle through his establishment
of the Organization for Afro-American Unity (OAAU).
Malcolm believed that a United Front was the necessary mechanism
by which the political consciousness of African people in America
could be raised. Also, he felt that this United Front would be
the common voice we needed to represent the Black Liberation
movement in this country. Many of us are still working to build
this United Front concept of organizing toward our liberation
in America.
In the spirit of Malcolm, let us summarize his contributions:
Malcolm X was a concrete example that if you discipline yourself
and find a new outlook on life you can transform your behavior.
From 1952 - 1963, Malcolm X helped the Honorable Elijah Muhammad
build the Nation of Islam into a powerful force.
During this same period, Malcolm became
the spokesman for the Honorable Elijah Muhammad and the Nation
of Islam, and thus,
became a spokesman for the Black Nationalist Movement, in one
of the most important periods in our history - the period of
the mid 1950’s through the 1960’s. In this role,
Malcolm articulated many important concepts and ideas that helped
strengthen the Black Nationalist Movement in this country, as
well as the Civil Rights Movement. His speech, “The Ballot
or the Bullet,” still rings in our ears. His conception
of the role of “House Negroes” vs “Field Negroes” is
still with us today. And his coining the phrase, “By Any
Means Necessary” are just a few of the ideas and concepts
that concretely impacted on the Black movement.
Malcolm X defined Black Nationalism in simple
terminology that appealed to the Black masses when he said, “the political
philosophy of Black nationalism is that Blacks should control
the politics and politicians in our own community... The economic
philosophy of Black Nationalism must be designed to re–educate
our community to the importance of controlling the economy in
which we live by owning and operating the businesses. The social
philosophy of Black nationalism is we must become socially mature
enough to realize the responsibility on us to elevate the conditions
and standards of our community to a higher level.”
Malcolm X linked the Black struggle in this country with the
struggle of African people around the world.
Malcolm helped shape Black people's pride
in themselves and by so doing, he exposed, by teaching, that
the greatest crime
of white people was that they taught us to hate ourselves. It
was Malcolm’s spirit that generated the Black Pride, Black
Studies, and Black Power phases of our movement.
So, on one hand, Malcolm helped internationalize our struggle
and on the other hand, he linked it to the mass struggle and
issues that faced our people in America. By taking this approach,
Malcolm was able to provide a basis for continued historical
efforts to build worldwide African unity. This unity was manifested
when African nations and African NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)
successfully lobbied the United Nations World Conference Against
Racism to declare that colonialism, slavery, and the slave trade
were crimes against humanity. The Reparations Movement is unifying
African people in America and worldwide. The contributions of
Malcolm X laid the historical foundation for this current mass
phase of the Reparations Movement.
Remember Malcolm and join the Reparations Movement! They Owe
Us, Reparations Now!
BC columnist Conrad W. Worrill, PhD, is
the National Chairman of the National Black United Front (NBUF). Click
here to contact Dr. Worrill. |