There
are a lot of sound reasons to critique Keynesian economics, but a
reason that its creator was gay shouldn’t be one of them.
Niall Ferguson, the Laurence A. Tisch, Professor of History at Harvard University, has sadly, in 2013, just found that out.
Ferguson’s speech to investors and financial analysts at the Tenth
Annual Altegris Conference in Carlsbad, Calif., that should have awed
his audience, instead shocked and offended them.
And what some say was characteristically Fergusonian - contrarian,
provocative and offensive - the Harvard economic historian hinted that
John Maynard Keynes’ (one of the most influential economists of the
Twentieth Century) long-term economic theories were misguided at best,
and flawed at worst, because he was childless and gay.
“Keynes was a homosexual and had no intention of having children. We
are not dead in the long run … our children are our progeny. It is the
economic ideals of Keynes that have gotten us into the problems of
today.”
In a moment that should have highlighted Ferguson’s erudition on
economic history during the question-and-answer session when asked to
speak on Keynes’ philosophy of self-interest versus Edmund Burke’s
philosophy of a free market system, Ferguson, some would also say,
classically stuck his foot in his mouth.
“He was married to a ballerina with whom he likely talked of ‘poetry’ rather than procreated.”
Now, Ferguson, like all high profiled homophobes, must publicly do
damage control to avoid potentially jeopardizing job security as well
the reputation of institutions affiliated with him. Ferguson’s mea
culpa, “An unqualified apology” can easily be accessed from his website.
“My disagreements with Keynes’s economic philosophy have never had
anything to do with his sexual orientation. It is simply false to
suggest, as I did, that his approach to economic policy was inspired by
any aspect of his personal life. As those who know me and my work are
well aware, I detest all prejudice, sexual or otherwise.”
If these words aren’t contrite or authentic enough, let’s remember that
every bigot has at least one good friend to bail him or her out. And to
Ferguson’s rescue is renown gay author and editor of the blog, “The
Dish,” Andrew Sullivan.
“If he really believed gay men had no interest in future generations,
why would he have asked me, a gay man with HIV, to be the godfather to
one of his sons? And why would I have accepted?”
Good query, Andrew.
And perhaps the answer is embedded somewhere in the fact that Ferguson
and Sullivan, back in the day, were college cronies at Magdalen
College, Oxford. Both colleagues, then as now, share a near zealous
affinity for right-wing politics.
Among conservatives like Ferguson, Keynesian economics, since its
inception, has confronted a barrage of criticism. While some of the
critiques are, without doubt, substantive, sadly an overwhelming number
of them have been ad hominem attacks on Keynes, the man, beginning with
his contemporary and arch rival, Joseph Schumpeter.
“He was childless and his
philosophy of life was essentially a short-run philosophy,” Schumpeter
cuttingly wrote his 1946 “American Economic Review” obituary for Keynes.
Critics of Keynes who downplay Schumpeter’s and Ferguson’s gay-bashing
spin these homophobic remarks not as ad hominems but rather as
important and insight tidbits about the man. Some will go so far as to
appropriate the feminist creed “The personal is political and the
political is person” to obfuscate their malign intent.
“To ignore elements of Keynes’s private life, however, as does his
first major biographer, Roy Harrod - particularly Keynes’s
homosexuality, despite its featuring in nearly two decades of
passionate and poignant correspondence from the early 1990s - is to
underplay the importance of Keynes’s associations outside official
college and government circles, in particular with members of the
Cambridge “Apostles” male secret society and the iconoclastic
Bloomsbury group of London intellectuals and aesthetes,” Benn Steil,
Council on Foreign Relations director of international economics, wrote
in his February released book The
Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and
the Making of a New World Order (Council on Foreign Relations Books
(Princeton University Press)).
To Keynes credit, critics of his sexual orientation didn’t force him to
live a closeted life. In his early years Keynes openly had many
same-sex relations, and kept a diary of his exploits.
The fluidity of Keynes’ sexuality became evident in his later years
when he fell in love with the renown Russian ballerina, Lydia Lopokova.
While many biphobics would suspect that Keynes became a “down low”
philanderer, historical records inarguably state that Keynes and
Lopokova lived a life of marital bliss.
While Ferguson’s gay-bashing of Keynesian economics was to discredit
Keynes and his entire body of work, it has rather done the reverse -
brought renewed international attention to a renown economist and to
another one of our LGBTQ unsung forebears.
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