Being
among the unfathomably rich of the world, Bill Gates must feel that his
hand is right up there with God’s, as he surveys the world and decides
who will be the beneficiaries of his largesse.
This
time, he is pushing genetically modified crops, as he has done for some
time and, this time, he is aiming at research which he apparently
believes will produce maize (corn) that will fertilize itself by taking
nitrogen from the air like soybeans, so African farmers will have one
less major expense for their food crops.
The
accumulated debt of buying seed every year, buying the chemical
fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides the crops need to grow put
farmers so profoundly in debt that they see no way out but suicide.
A
$10 million grant has been made by the Gates Foundation to British
scientists to experiment on creating this wonder corn that is sure to
disrupt the lives and cultures of the people on whom this seed will be
foisted. But, isn’t it for the good of the African farmers, you say?
Won’t there be more food produced? Won’t African peoples be happy about
the benefits of Western culture? Isn’t it good that transnational
corporations have such an altruistic attitude toward the developing
world?
Not
so fast. Just a quick look at the use of GMOs (genetically modified
organisms) will give even the casual observer a very different
perspective. First, the laws of the U. S. have been written, at the
behest of Corporate America, to make GMOs “intellectual property” and,
therefore, something to be controlled by the corporations that own the
patents. This is unlike anything the world has seen until very
recently: Corporations own the life substance that provides the food
that allows humans to eat and survive. And, as owners, they can extract
payment from farmers and the people who produce food.
Who
cares who owns the property rights to the seeds of the world, as long
as they are available to produce food? The answer, of course, is that
anyone who farms to make a living and provide for a family cares. After
all, they are becoming more and more dependent on the shrinking number
of seed sources that are becoming a monopoly and an American company is
the biggest seed house of all, Monsanto, the chemical and seed giant
headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri.
Monsanto has been working for a few decades to buy up many of the old-line seed houses in the U.S. and
elsewhere, but its biggest effort has been to push GMO seeds on the
farmers of the world. Although their altruism is out there front and
center in all that they do, it is mostly public relations, just as
Gates’ is mostly public relations. If it were not mostly PR, their
products would not sell very well anywhere, including the developing
world.
Right
now, there is no guarantee of the safety of GMOs for humans or the
planet, although the companies that own the patents of the various life
forms that are GMOs claim that they not only are harmless, they will
provide great benefits to those who buy and use them.
Millions of farmers are held hostage in aid deals that are made by governments, without ever consulting farmers.
The
benefits are yet to come for those who have bought into the GMO
illusion. Monsanto claims (and Bill Gates echoes) that GMO crops are
the answer to hunger, famine, food insecurity, pollution of the
environment from pesticides and herbicides, and the economic
development of the beneficiary nations…the list goes on. Although the
mass press in the so-called developed world does not cover such things
well, GMO crops have yet to deliver on most of the promises. In
experiments in this country and elsewhere, the crop yields have not
greatly increased over conventional seed and, in many cases, the use of
chemicals to control weeds and pests has increased over conventional
crops.
Then,
how does that benefit small farmers in developing nations? There may be
no benefit, but they are often forced to buy the seeds and chemicals
through trade deals made by governments, not by organizations of
farmers. The U.S. trade
deals, made through use of the World Bank or the International Monetary
Fund, or one of its own aid programs, might require that certain
practices be followed, or the money doesn’t flow. Millions of farmers
are held hostage in aid deals that are made by governments, without
ever consulting farmers.
Before
Bill Gates plunged headlong into forcing GMO crops onto small farmers
in Africa, he should have looked into what is happening in India, where
foreign corporations like Monsanto control much of the seed (and, they
sell untold amounts of agricultural chemicals, as well), not that he
isn’t aware of the problem already.
According to Vandana Shiva,
who has been actively fighting the depredations of foreign corporations
in India for many years, Monsanto controls most of the cotton seed in
India, which is a major world producer of the fiber, and it controls
much of the other seed stock in that country of 1.22 billion. The
philosopher-author-environmental activist recently pointed out that,
because of the insurmountable debt farmers have accumulated in some
places, there have been some 250,000 farmer suicides over the past
decade.
The
accumulated debt of buying seed every year (farmers are not allowed to
save seeds from year to year, under the patent laws) and buying the
chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides the crops need to grow
put farmers so profoundly in debt that they see no way out but suicide.
Farmers have killed themselves by drinking the very poisons they had
used on their crops. To a great degree, this is the price that is paid
by families, cultural sectors, and nations, when an alien form is
imposed by a greater power, in this case, an (economic) imperial power.
However they want to couch it, the Bill Gates’ of this world, along
with the Monsantos of
the world, are imposing on other peoples a form of life that conforms
to the Western profit-seeking formula for development and survival.
Their
corporate formula is not one that is likely to allow poor people of the
world to survive, let alone thrive, for their aim is to make money from
their “aid,” nor will it help African or Indian farmers feed their
families and develop their communities, in the manner of their customs,
traditions, and cultures. Yet, they persist, because that is what
corporations do. They make ever more money and they become more
powerful.
When
corporations like Microsoft and Monsanto are among the most powerful
entities in the world’s most powerful nation and can do what they wish
with and to the people, what chance do smaller, less-developed, and
poorer nations have in resisting what these corporations are forcing on
them and calling it development?
Isn’t it for the good of the African farmers, you say?
What we are seeing in Gates’ and Monsanto’s intent to force GMOs on African nations and in India is nothing
less than an overall attempt to force western style industrial
agriculture on nations that should be assisted in making indigenous
systems of agriculture flourish to benefit the people. The people
should be in charge of their own development and destiny, and their
labor should not be used to fill the coffers of Wall Street. If India,
for example, were forced into the industrial model of food production,
with its gigantic acreages and monster equipment, what would become of
all the people involved in small farm agriculture? Of the more than 1.2
billion population,
it is said that 600 million Indians are involved in agriculture in some
way. Are they going to go to the cities to find work, when they are
replaced in the countryside?
Some people do not see this as a problem, but the same thing has happened in the U.S. There
has been a massive shift in population from the rural areas, to the
cities and the suburbs in the past 50 years. As skills have been lost
or replaced by robotics or other machinery, the unemployment numbers
have grown steadily and now, with unemployment standing at about 8.2
percent, we are told that it is likely to stay at about that rate for a
long time. Should we expect a different outcome in rural African
nations or in India, as transnational corporations pursue the same goals?
Neither we nor Africans nor Indians can look toward benevolent policies from the U.S. government
to mitigate the rapacious policies of its corporations in the rest of
the world. Rather, the American people are little able to control
corporations through their own government, since the government is
complicit in virtually everything the corporations do, whether in
domestic policy or in their dealings with other countries. Right now,
Monsanto is powerful enough to get an amendment slipped into the 2013
Agriculture Appropriations Act, to allow, through the U.S. Department
of Agriculture, GMO crops to be planted, even though a court has ruled
that that USDA allowed GMOs to be planted illegally. For years, citizen
groups and watchdog non-profits have fought to have any foods
containing GMOs to be labeled, so consumers can make the choice whether
to buy or not buy. The power of the corporations has kept that labeling
from happening, so we do not know when we are eating such substances.
Millions of farmers are held hostage in aid deals that are made by governments, without ever consulting farmers.
Patenting
of life forms is a moneymaker. When a farmer buys patented GMO seeds,
he or she pays for the seed, and then pays a per-acre “royalty” to
plant such a crop. It does not take a CPA to figure out what profits
that means for Monsanto or any other company that patents life forms.
And, don’t forget, seeds from that crop cannot be saved to plant next
year, without the farmer being hauled into court for fines and damages
by the patent holder. Trouble is, when those plants mature, the pollen
goes into the environment and to any other plant of its kind.
Therefore, conventional and organic crops in the vicinity are
pollinated by the GMO crop and those farmers are liable to be hauled into court to pay fines and royalties, because the patented DNA could be found in their crops.
Another
concern about GMOs is the health and safety of the people who eat the
food that comes from those crops. One example is the genetic
manipulation of a corn variety that produces its own pesticide, known
as bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt,
which had been used for decades by organic farmers as a safe and
effective way of controlling some insect pests. Organic farmers feared
that insects would develop immunity to Bt if it were produced by the corn itself, and planted on millions of acres. It was done, however, but there are fears that the Bt that
is now contained in the corn, when eaten by supermarket shoppers, will
continue to work in the human gut and destroy the balance needed there
for good health.
The
biggest reason for forcing GMOs on the world is profit and the job has
been done in such a way that it is becoming nearly impossible to stop
the rapid concentration of power in the food system. Now, though, the
seed-and-food monopoly is being forced onto the peoples of the world
who are not able to defend themselves as well as the developed, or
post-industrial, countries. Europe does
not want GMOs in their food and they have kept them out, for the most
part, but the corporations are pushing to break open that market.
Monsanto
and other corporations are sending their politicians to Congress and
the state legislatures to make their products the only option in food.
Their friends and supporters are powerful and they have unlimited funds
for advertising, propaganda, and pay-offs, so it is a tough struggle.
A bright ray of hope is the opposition that springs up in these small countries. One is La Via Campesina,
a worldwide organization of peasants, indigenous, and landless peoples,
containing about 170 of their organizations. Its members know what is
needed and they want access to the land and their traditional crops, so
they reject GMO seeds, crops, and other GMO products offered by
Monsanto and Bill Gates. If the latter wants to know what the people
want, as opposed to what their government says they want, he should ask
them. But they need the support of people of good will around the
world. It is a massive education project, then a massive organizing
project. They cannot do it alone.
The
whole problem of Gates (who, no doubt, believes his intentions are
honorable), Monsanto, GMOs, and cultural and economic imperialism is
perhaps summed up by Mariam Mayet of the African Centre for Biosafety in South Africa.
She said recently: “GM nitrogen-fixing crops are not the answer to improving the fertility of Africa’s
soils. African farmers are the last people to be asked about such
projects. This often results in the wrong technologies being developed,
which many farmers simply cannot afford. We need methods that we can
control aimed at building up resilient soils that are both fertile and
able to cope with extreme weather. We also want our knowledge and
skills to be respected and not to have inappropriate solutions imposed
on us by distant institutions, charitable bodies or governments.”
Americans
have a strange relationship with their disgracefully rich: They believe
that, because someone has accumulated great wealth, he or she is an
expert in virtually all things. And, they listen to them and heed their
word. People who work with the earth are not so easily fooled by such
nonsense. The people of Africa and India and all of the other places
where people struggle to shake the fetters of old colonialism know what
is best for them and they do not need advice from people whose main
purpose in life is to hold on to their possessions and their wealth
and, if anything, to accumulate more. What they do not need is a new
form of colonialism or imperialism.
They need freedom and a little help to do the things they need to do.
BlackCommentator.com Columnist, John Funiciello,
is a labor organizer and former union organizer. His union work started
when he became a local president of The Newspaper Guild in the early
1970s. He was a reporter for 14 years for newspapers in New York State.
In addition to labor work, he is organizing family farmers as they
struggle to stay on the land under enormous pressure from factory food
producers and land developers. Click hereto contact Mr. Funiciello.
|