Perhaps
the only thing more depressing about Haiti than the still-unconsolidated
coup
there is the refusal of the US press to even investigate
the circumstances of it. I mean, said investigation would require
more effort than walking a dog but less effort than mating
a hamper full of socks. Google search “Haiti coup,” and you’ll
get about a million hits. And I know a few journalists. They
are driven, ambitious work-aholics. So laziness cannot account
for their abject failure to represent this as a coup d’etat,
which it clearly is, engineered by the United States government,
which it just as clearly is. If it’s not laziness, then it’s
either complicity with the government or plain, racist apathy – or
a combination of both.
But
I’m taking up
the pen today not merely to lament what we all know, that the
white, male capitalist press represents, well… white, male
capitalists. I’m going to suggest an action, aimed not at
the white, state-corporate perception managers of the press,
but at a rich white man who is a candidate for President of
the United States, and who cannot possibly hope to win that
position without the support of the majority of the nation’s
politically engaged African Americans.
It’s
been some time since the appearance of a clean-cut polarization
in Congress
between African American representatives and Euro-Americans,
but thanks to the unflinching leadership of Maxine Waters and
Charles Rangel, Haiti has forced the Congressional Black Caucus
to behave like a Black Caucus and confront white Republicans and Democrats
with their constant rhetorical genuflections before “democracy,” when
a Black democracy in Haiti has just been overthrown, again,
by the white “democracy” to the north.
It has not been
long since the Democratic Party has taken Black voters for
granted by being the sole, marginal, institutional vehicle
for what Black political power still exists in the United States
political duopoly. The Democratic Party takes on the defensive,
lesser-evil role against the more-openly white supremacist
Republicans with gloomy regularity. And there has been an
abundance of jackleg colonial surrogates within the Black semi-bourgeoisie
prepared to enthusiastically embrace the task of containment
and pacification. This is always the case in colonial situations – like
Haiti, like African America. This is the reality of the Diaspora,
and white supremacy is not an aberration held within it, but
part of the genetic code of capitalism.
In
the near term, there may not be a way to break decisively
with this Black
dependency on Democrats, but there may be a way to raise the
issue as a first, next step, and that’s by not letting the
Democratic Party deliberately aim its radar away from Haiti. And
all eyes are on John Kerry. While it is certainly an exercise
of the latent political power of African America to ensure
Kerry a victory in November – even at the cost of once again
swallowing all critiques of him – a far more significant exercise
of that power, and one that would signal a break with making
deals for scraps and the intention to pursue self-determination,
would be forcing John Kerry, as the most visible member of
the Democratic Party, to tell the truth on Haiti… and damn
the consequences. The real exercise of real power entails
real risks.
Black
voters and white allies need to start right now confronting
John Kerry at every
turn with questions and demands on Haiti. Rather than suggest
what those might be, I’ll just describe a little history and
let people form their own conclusions about what those questions
and demands might be.
In 1994, six months
before the US invasion of Haiti in which I participated [see Hideous
Dream – A Soldier’s Memoir of the US Invasion of Haiti (Soft
Skull Press, 2000)], there was a massacre in the Haitian city
of Gonaives, against the desperately poor residents of a slum
called Raboteau. The massacre killed dozens of people during
a rampage directed by Captain Senafis Castra of the Casernes
Dessalines, the local detachment of the Haitian armed forces
(FAdH). Participating in the massacre were several soldiers
and several members of a right-wing death-squad network called
the FRAPH. Two senior FRAPH members were named Jean Pierre
Baptiste and Carl Dorélien. Baptiste went by an alias, a kind of nom
de guerre, Jean Tatoune.
I
met Jean Tatoune in 1994 when I and three members of my Special
Forces detachment arrested him in Gonaives in an armed confrontation. He
subsequently stood trial under the Aristide government, and
was imprisoned for his part in the Raboteau massacre.
Carl
Dorélien, on the other hand, was spirited away to the United
States, where he was given refuge, unlike tens of thousands
of poor Haitians who were instead placed in a concentration
camp in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Dorélien even won the lottery
in Florida in 1997. Lucky, lucky Carl.
He
was not the only FRAPH member given refuge from prosecution. The two top members
of the FRAPH, Emmanuel “Toto” Constant and Louis-Jodel Chamblian
were also tucked away: Constant in Queens, New York, where
he resided peacefully to this day with the full cooperation
of the United States government, and Chamblain in the Dominican
Republic, whose government does basically whatever the Untied
States government tells it to do. Chamblain participated in
the assassinations of both Aristide's
Justice Minister Guy Mallary and Aristide financier Antoine
Izmery. As this is written, Chamblain is lounging comfortably
in the Mont Joli Hotel in Cap Haitien, the second biggest city
in Haiti, now having his two life sentences “commuted” by the
February-March coup d’etat in Haiti. Just as Chamblain
and Constant were ably assisted by the US and its allies, the coup
d’etat was assisted by the US government that is having
President Aristide held under house arrest in the compliant
Central African Republic.
One
reason that Constant is being harbored safely in Queens
is that he has threatened to spill the beans on his old
employer if he is given up to the tender mercies of the
Haitian people, who saw the FRAPH murder over 5,000 people
between 1991-1994, when Aristide was deposed the first
time by a US supported coup d’etat. His old employer,
of course, is the United States Central Intelligence Agency,
the same people who brought you the murder of Patrice Lumumba,
the regimes of Pinochet, Palahvi, Mobutu, Lucas-Garcia,
et al, and the crack epidemic.
The crack epidemic
is particularly important here, because that was the last issue
brought up exclusively by the Congressional Black Caucus and
completely ignored by white Democratic and Republican officials.
For
those who remember the “Freeway Rick” Ross saga that introduced rock cocaine to
South Central Los Angeles and has since devastated Black communities
throughout the US, let me remind you that this was a CIA operation. Gary
Webb’s excellent book, Dark
Alliance, details the CIA-crack connection that grew
directly out of the Reagan administration’s illegal war against
Nicaragua. The reason this story is important to Haiti is
that all the main actors from the Iran-Contra-Cocaine adventure
are behind the current coup in Haiti.
Roger
Noriega is the Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere
Affairs,
and the lead plotter in the recent coup against the democratically
elected government of Haiti. Before that, he was the United
States Ambassador to the Organization of American States (OAS). During
Iran-Contra, he was an aide in the Bureau of Latin American
Affairs of the US State Department. The other felonious characters
in the Contra-Crack scandal were Elliot Abrams, John Negroponte,
John Poindexter, and Otto Reich. The Vice President during
this episode was George Herbert Walker Bush, former Director
of Central Intelligence.
These
guys are all now re-employed by the administration of George
W. Bush. Otto
Reich was in Noriega’s current position in 2001 and now is
the US representative to the US-dominated Organization of American
States (OAS). Reagan had Reich resign to protect his king
when the story of the Cocaine-Contra connection broke, because
Reich was easily connected by any journalist with five minutes
to spare to CIA assassin Felix Rodriguez and terrorist Luis
Posada Carriles. Reich specialized in disinformation, planting
fake stories in the press about Nicaraguan MIG’s and Sandinista “atrocities” against
Miskito Indians. Reich was also the US Ambassador to Venezuela,
when he tried to secure the release of Orlando Bosch, a Miami-Cuban
mafiosi who bombed a civilian airliner. That downing of a
civilian passenger airline from Cuba was the same attack in
which Posada Carriles had also been implicated.
Reich’s
current disinformation campaign is the one being directed
against another democratically
elected government with an Afro-Caribbean leader, the Venezuelan
government of Hugo Chavez.
One
of the very architects of Iran-Contra was John Poindexter,
a retired Navy admiral
who specialized in spying on American citizens. Poindexter,
along with Oliver North, was the primary planner for Iran-Contra. They
supervised and coordinated weapons sales to Iran, the shipment
of cocaine to the US via Central America, and the use of that
cocaine-cash to buy weapons for the 1980’s terrorist army launched
against Nicaragua in contravention of a Congressional prohibition.
Poindexter
was convicted of several felonies that were dropped in an
immunity deal. He
also tried to destroy over 5,000 White House emails (and got
caught), as well as planting fake press stories about Libya's
Col. Muammar Qaddafi to justify the Reagan-directed air strikes
against Libya.
John
Poindexter is now the Vice President of Syntek Technologies,
a very scary
spy-defense contractor. George W. Bush appointed this felon
to organize the Information Awareness Office (IAO), a subset
of the Department of Defense’s Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA, a favorite of Donald Rumsfeld),
to again spy on American citizens.
In
Poindexter’s case,
the public got wind of his appointment and his past, and the
Bushites withdrew him from the spotlight.
John
Negroponte is now the US Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1981, US Ambassador
to Honduras Jack Binns, reported to his boss, Ronald Reagan,
that Honduran units were engaged in massive human rights violations. Binns
was fired. John Negroponte took his place from 1981-1985,
wherein he systematically and deliberately covered up while
those human rights abuses escalated, especially by one specially
US-trained “intelligence” unit called Battalion 3-16. As
a reward for abusing human rights, and for allowing US-trained
and financed Contra terrorists to launch operations into
Nicaragua
from Honduran soil, the US hiked military aid to Honduras
from $4 million to $77.4 million.
During this Reagan
Rogue State Era, and later to be pardoned by George H. W. Bush
for convictions associated with Iran-Contra, was Eliott Abrams,
the Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs.
In what seems a sick
joke, George W. Bush named Abrams senior director of the National
Security Council's office for democracy, human rights and international
operations, and Abrams is now part of the larger coup-team
working on Venezuela and Haiti.
Last December, Peter
Kornbluh of the National Archives told a Newsday reporter: "The
resurfacing of the Iran-Contra culprits has been nothing short
of Orwellian in this administration. These are not 21st-century
appointments. They are retrograde appointments, a throwback
to an era of interventionism when the U.S. was the big bully
on the block."
These
guys actually go back further in their collaboration, all
of them tight with
the Miami-Cuban right-wing and mafia. One motivation for appointing
them, aside from their willingness to topple the government
of a democratic Black nation, is to pay the Miami gusanos off
for their invaluable assistance with the Florida-based judicial
coup that ripped off the votes of tens of thousands of Black
voters to appoint George W. Bush the President of the United
States.
Roger
Noriega coordinated the details of President Aristide’s ouster
and kidnapping, while Otto Reich used the PR machine of the
OAS to run the
very disinformation campaign that the white press has lapped
up like trained kittens.
During
the Reagan administration, the CIA’s covert operators were pretty effective
at training death squads, but they screwed up everything they
touched politically. So Reagan established something called
the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).
The
NED channels money and training to support US-friendly political
formations in
other nations, like the fake opposition in Haiti that has been
destabilizing Haiti politically ever since Aristide won the
2000 election. (see , February
19, 2004.)
Allen
Weinstein, who helped draft the legislation establishing
NED, was quite
candid when he said in 1991: "A lot of what we do today
was done covertly 25 years ago by the CIA." In effect,
the CIA has been laundering money through NED.
- Third
World Traveler
The
National Endowment for Democracy was invented by the Reagan
administration as
a specialized outgrowth of the CIA’s covert operations apparatus
to engineer “desirable” political/electoral outcomes in other
countries.
Old
racist reactionaries seem to live forever. Strom Thurmond
lasted until he was a living fossil, and ex-Senator Jesse
Helms of North Carolina
stubbornly resists the Reaper to this day.
US
policy right now is in the hands of the ideologues. You
cannot overestimate the relevance of these people in shaping
US policy. In a
sense the Helms school of Haitian strategy is at work here.
-
Larry Birns, director of the Council on Hemispheric Affairs
Roger
Noriega’s hatred
for Aristide began while Aristide was in office before the
first US-supported coup in 1991. Noriega was a senior advisor
to the OAS then. His consistent anti-Aristide venom and connections
with the Miami-mafia led to a juicy, well-paid appointment
on Helms’ staff.
Helms openly supported
Salvadoran death-squad comandante Roberto D’Abuisson,
believed to have planned the assassination of Archbishop Oscar
Romero – another priest, like Aristide, who took sides with
the poor. And Helms and Noriega were opposed to Aristide from
the moment of Aristide’s surprise election victory in 1990,
which was reversed by the 1991 coup. Helms regards any form
of independence or any policy that makes inroads against the
power of the rich, to be “communist.” Helms frequently referred
to Aristide as a “Haitian Castro.” And Jesse Helms just plain
doesn’t like Black people. Foreign, Black, Catholic, and populist – the
only thing missing for the pure embodiment of evil according
to Helms would be if Aristide were gay. (Helms is also a notorious
homophobe!)
The
South has exercised political hegemony in the US ever since
the Nixon presidency. In
that same South, the conflation of unions, race-mixing, and
communism is the powerful ideological elixir that led the Klan
to lay claim to being a bulwark against communism – which they
opposed because communists promoted “racial mongrelization.” This
may be Noriega’s view. White Cuban racism is legendary. More
likely, however, Noriega’s views are based on his perceived
role as a guardian of the empire in Latin America.
Former
Ambassador to El Salvador, (also fired by Reagan for speaking
out on human
rights violations) Robert White, said just days before the
coup culminated with the American military removal and detention
of Aristide, “Roger Noriega has
been dedicated to ousting Aristide for many, many years, and
now he's in a singularly powerful position to accomplish it."
Let’s
drop back to Richard Nixon for a moment.
In
1968, the Nixon campaign fell upon its “Southern Strategy.” Democrats Kennedy
and Johnson, before the juggernaut of the Civil Rights movement,
signed the legislation that erased the legal foundation of
Southern US apartheid and created the phenomenon called “white
backlash” by the press. Until World War II and in the South
even after WWII, the Democratic Party proudly claimed to be “the
Party of White Supremacy.”
The
Nixon Southern Strategy aimed to claim that title for itself,
albeit in a
coded form. “States rights” became the battle cry of Republicans,
understood by every white southerner as an apology for slavery
and apartheid, and Civil Rights legislation was spun by Republicans
as an assault on the individual rights of whites.
Lee Hubbard writes
about the Republican strategy and how it has led to consistent
and overwhelming support for the Republican Party among southern
white voters (and ever more white voters generally):
"Substantial
Negro support is not necessary to national Republican victory," said
Kevin Phillips, the mastermind behind Nixon's Southern Strategy,
at the time. "The GOP can build a winning coalition
without Negro Votes. Indeed, Negro-Democratic mutual identification
was a major source of Democratic loss, and Republican Party
or (George Wallace's) American Independent Party profit,
in many sections of the country."
Since
then, some Republicans have played to these fears to gather
white votes. Their game has ranged from the kickoff of Ronald
Reagan's presidential campaign when he declared he "believed
in states rights," in Philadelphia, Mississippi – the
site of the deaths of civil rights martyrs of Schwerner, Chaney,
and Goodman – to Vice President Bush's 1988 Willie Horton ad
campaign, which basically depicted all blacks as being criminals.
Some of the GOP's race-baiting has been, perhaps, unintentional,
and other times it has been blatant, but it has happened, and
black people are familiar with this list of racial baggage.
The
unspoken centrality of white supremacy for the Republican
Party since Nixon cannot
be overstated. Foreign policy is not solely determined by
foreign priorities, either economic or strategic. It is also
significantly influenced by its impact on popular domestic
political bases; in this case the racist white majority in
the United States.
This
matters for the issue of Haiti. The Haitian Revolution that culminated in
the first Black Republic on January 1, 1804, was led against
three imperial powers, including Napoleon’s armed forces, by
rebel slaves. These slaves out-generaled, out-administered,
and out-fought the European giants, smashing the myth of white
supremacy. This struck terror into the American South, where
the fear of Black rebellion was a constant.
The
turmoil in Haiti is always portrayed by the white American
press in ways that
explain nothing and convey the impression of irrational chaos. Haiti
has been consistently debilitated from the outside since its
inception for several reasons, one of which has been the ideological
need in the US to support white notions of Black irrational
deviance and incapacity for self-governance.
Ever
since Nixon managed the Republican Party’s displacement of the Democrats as the
party of white supremacy, Republicans have taken a special
responsibility for putting Haiti in its place. Just after
Aristide’s kidnapping, Florida Republican Mark Foley, in a
CNN exchange with Maxine Waters, said the US will help Haitians
learn how to run a government and “how to grow crops.” A rich,
white man from Florida is talking about teaching Haitians
how to grow crops!
White
supremacy has been and remains a pillar of Euro-American
power, and not in
some merely discursive way that “divides and conquers” workers,
though that’s certainly part of it. Imperialism, to this day,
is rationalized through notions of the “white man’s burden.” I
would simply point to how many Americans who opposed the war
in Iraq now say that the US has to stay there to “rebuild” Iraq. This
is racism, pure and simple.
Flash
forward now to the 1992 election, when Bill Clinton excoriated
George W.
Bush for his incarceration of Haitian refugees in the concentration
camp at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Playing to his Black audience,
whom Clinton would betray in his later policies at every turn,
Clinton also pointed quite justifiably to the hypocrisy of
allowing white Cubans automatic entry into the US, while indefinitely
detaining black Haitians.
The coup of a year
earlier was proceeding apace with its slaughter of Aristide
loyalists and grassroots organizers, and CIA complicity in
the coup was becoming gradually more visible with a leak here
and a whisper there.
The
economy tanked after George H. W. Bush had made his famed “read my lips” remark,
and Clinton was elected.
Faced
with the reality of Haiti’s desperation and the volume of refugees fleeing the
Cedras-Francois regime, and faced with the reality of Florida
politics and the possibility of 100,000 or more penniless people
crashing onto its shores, Bill Clinton’s first foreign policy
embarrassment was being forced by his circumstances to treat
the Haitians even more harshly than the Bush regime had.
Clinton knew very
well that a US invasion would not be accepted by the people
of Haiti without Aristide - who they now saw as a symbol of
their aspiration for genuine independence - and he engineered
the 1994 invasion to return a compliant Aristide in order to
stop a nascent Haitian rebellion against the Cedras-Francois
regime that might have taken on revolutionary overtones.
The hit squads for
that regime were the FRAPH, the very same people who just provided
the paramilitary push to complete the latest coup against Aristide.
Members
of both parties have desired Aristide’s ouster ever since he won the 2000 election,
and while the Democrats incline toward the comprador-technocrats
of the Haitian elite, the Republicans incline toward the FRAPH-macoutes. This
is based on past CIA relations with the FRAPH, and the CIA
is packed full of Republican loyalists. In my time
working around embassies and CIA spooks, I can honestly say
that I have never seen a single African American CIA agent. There
are some Black folks working as secretaries at Langley, but
the operations side is monolithically white.
Until we become clear
that the US state is a white state, we will not become clear
at all.
The
Bush administration and its FRAPH allies just helped the
phony Haitian “opposition” to
complete its four-year coup.
Both
white capitalist parties in the US are run by elites who
want to see the removal
of Aristide and others who have the capacity to mobilize their
population. But where Democrats would prefer something that
looks like a success story – along with managed elections and
other trappings of “progress” – Republicans, as the party that
still employs its latter day version of the Southern Strategy, want to
see Haiti in chaos. They will put on a mask of paternalistic
sympathy while they continue to impose dysfunction, because
they need Haiti to continue to serve as an example of Black
incapacity for self-governance – to reinforce their white supremacist
appeal to the Helms wing of the party, which is still substantial.
Both
parties see popular sovereignty as a threat to Washington,
which rules through
wealthy colonial surrogates (not altogether unlike those jackleg
leaders in the US mentioned earlier), and they have no intention
of letting another independent nation (besides Cuba) flourish
outside the Washington Consensus in this region. It’s a bad
example that might infect the imagination of popular forces
throughout the region. Another example must be made.
Right
now, it’s the
Republicans’ example, and so it is color-coded for all the
foregoing reasons. Color crosses these class lines in Haiti
itself when it is seen as necessary, and it is mobilized against
popular challenges to entrenched power when that is seen as
necessary.
In
the run-up to the coup against Aristide’s government, there was a persistent
effort by both the press and US State Department spokespersons
to imply that Aristide was somehow “autocratic.” This charge
is repeated without any factual antecedents, but that leaves
the impression on the public that something specific did happen,
that they, the public, merely failed to pick up – and white
Americans having no deep interest in the details of anything
except television series, Janet’s titty, and Oscar nominations,
they merely exercise a sheep-like acceptance of the characterization
of these unspecified acts, as undemocratic, autocratic, etc. This
allowed the maneuvering of the NED and whatever armed forces
(the FRAPH in this case) to coordinate their actions with the
press blitz to first destabilize the country, then launch the
coup.
Once
the coup was enacted, the US claimed Aristide resigned, setting
up a situation
that appeared to the American public as the (credible) US word
against the (not credible) word of the irrational, autocratic
Black leader. The white US press has refused to follow up
on the revelations of Maxine Waters and Charles Rangel, implying
by this inaction that they too are just more paranoid brown
people.
The Convergence
Democratique (now the political arm of the coup d’etat)
and its US-sponsor, the National Endowment for Democracy,
are about anything but democracy. Convergence has
been trying to overturn the result of a legitimate election
ever since Aristide was elected again in 2000 with 92% of
the vote.
In
the United States, and more and more in other societies,
the population has been
trained to see politics as a combination of personality and
policy. This focus on the personalities of individual leaders
exposes only part of the reality, and it renders a key dimension
of political reality invisible: the historically developed
social forces that underwrite their power. This socially-constructed
intellectual astigmatism makes it possible to successfully
portray entire societies as reflections of certain individuals,
be they Khaddafi or Bush or Chavez or Saddam or Aristide. What
is rendered invisible in this process is the fact that these
leaders are more the reflection and product of their history
and society than their society is a reflection of them. That’s
not to say these leaders don’t have individual agency, but
that a huge dimension of politics is concealed by this way
of knowing and therefore its distortion of social reality.
This
is very important in the United States as a mechanism for
gaining the acquiescence
of the public for various foreign conspiracies and adventures. The
class interests of these ruling elites represented by these
conspiracies and adventures are concealed by the politics of
personality. People don’t talk about the connection between
Wall Street and the CIA because they don’t understand the connection. People
don’t know about the social revolution that brought Khaddafi
to power, or the relation of the Bush administration to the
Southern Strategy, or the history of Ba’athism, or the origins
of the Lavalas movement in Haiti. They don’t understand that
there is a connection between levels of technological development
and the ability to command accountability within governments. They
don’t recognize the international “division of labor” within
the American Imperium. So they are reduced to making judgments – very
simplistic judgments – about individual leaders based on faulty
and incomplete information and moral criteria that are intellectually
undemanding.
The
ability, then, to use disinformation to simply portray Jean-Bertrand
Aristide,
the individual, as a bad man and a bad leader, translates into
the ability to shape the American majority’s perception to
suit the agenda of the political establishment – of which
the corporate media is an integral part.
This
perception management capacity is a force multiplier in the
effort to economically,
politically, and militarily destabilize a nation. I detailed
some of the mechanisms for this perception management in my
Counterpunch article of October,
2003, Piss on My Leg – Perception Control and the Stage
Management of War.
That said, let me
return to the economic dimension of the coup in Haiti.
Schematic
leftists are trying to see Haiti through the lens of economics. They
want to believe that Haiti re-conquest is a prelude to developing
massive sweatshops or some other form of profit-taking in Haiti. But
it is a mistake to believe that only one reason ever exists
for a foreign policy. Haiti has very few assembly platforms
in operation, and the infrastructure is a shambles. Moreover,
the amount of arable land is declining at an alarming rate.
In short, there is only marginal space for foreign economic
exploitation.
US
foreign policy is determined for multiple reasons, and economics
is not always
the first concern for a specific policy, even if keeping the
overall system stable for capital accumulation remains the
overarching determinant. Venezuela is a key country in a key
region, where there is already rebellion afoot. In play are
Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia, all
of which are experiencing serious social upheavals that include
strong opposition to the Washington Consensus. Again, the
imperial obligation to make an example of the “rebellious child” is
a factor. And US international power no longer comes primarily
from exploitative economic production, but from a monetary
regime that extracts interest from the external debts of other
nations based on rules it enforces, at the end of the day,
with the power of the dollar backed by the military. Any attempt
to develop any form of national self-sufficiency that could
add weight to a regional or global default movement is a very
real threat – perhaps the most real of all threats – to US
global power.
Haiti
is under attack for geo-political reasons, but there is an
economic component
to the attack – to destroy the Haitian economy.
Any
time an economic crisis is provoked, tempers get shorter,
jobs are lost, social
services collapse, and the people become discontented with
whomever they perceive to be their leaders. This is the first
step in the agitation process of a coup. In Haiti, the Bush
administration merely held back over $500 million in approved
disbursements and loans to the Haitian government to break
it, and – less widely known – embargoed certain products to
Haiti, significantly new equipment, weapons, and ammunition
to keep the police up to date. (See , “When
Major Powers Stage a Coup,” Randall Robinson, April 24,
2003.)
These
economic attacks are combined with a media blitz designed
to “explain” the economic
crisis in a way that places the blame on the seated government. This
happened in Haiti.
The
economic attack is also combined with the organization of
a political opposition. I
alluded to this being the role of the National Endowment for
Democracy, the Reagan-era break-off from CIA covert operations,
whose sole function is to interfere in the elections of other
governments. The NED has funded and organized political “opposition” groups
to destabilize Nicaragua, the Balkans, Haiti, and Venezuela. In
the latter two cases, they did not have elections after they
destabilized them, because in both cases it was rightly feared
that the electoral outcomes would not result in their targeted
leader being unseated. Both Chavez and Aristide would win
today if elections were held in those nations. The NED mobilized
these “oppositions” as fake popular fronts against the governments
for the purpose of overthrowing them. In the case of Haiti,
the opposition refused to hold elections because they knew
they’d lose – badly.
Once
the economic and political crises are created, a security
crisis is fomented. In
Haiti, they even resorted to setting up attacks against other “opposition” members
in an attempt to lay the charge against the government that
it had attacked them. This is the juncture at which the military
is required, and that was the ex-FRAPH paramilitary.
After
his return to the Haitian presidency in 1994, Aristide rightly
feared and
distrusted the standing Haitian military. So he disbanded
them and replaced them with a 6,000-person constabulary, trained
in very basic police skills. To understand what this means,
one has to understand the actual physical condition of Haiti.
The
majority of the country is inaccessible by road, and the
existing roads are
all in ill repair. Some are passable year-round but take a
terrible toll on vehicles, and some are impassable when it
rains. Cell phones work in some places and don’t work in others,
and the police were equipped with land lines and FM radios,
the latter having very limited range in mountainous Haiti. Police,
like everyone else, spend a great deal of time with plain day-today
activities, that we take for granted, but which are very time
consuming there – hauling water, cooking, laundering, shopping
for bare necessities in a plethora of markets where supplies
of every commodity are iffy, etc. There is often little to
no electricity. There is certainly not a great deal of close
oversight and supervision, and there is little wherewithal
to ensure the kind of professional development we might expect
of law enforcement officers here.
They
were making do, some better than others, many only marginally
literate, often
with mixed loyalties and personal problems, and some were certainly
involved in corruption. The actually existing option was not
between a perfect police force and this one, but between this
one or no police force at all. It had one helicopter in the
capital.
They
were not trained to engage in military actions. In Port-au-Prince, there was
a riot control group called CIMO and a SWAT contingent, the
latter of which having some semblance of military capacity. When
the February attacks came, they were against plain police,
who couldn’t withstand a dedicated attack using large supplies
of military weapons to include rocket-propelled grenades and
machineguns. The roads and the communications prevented any
timely reinforcements, and the command structure as well as
the political leadership – shocked at the ease with which these
attacks succeeded – wrung their hands until it was over.
Given
that Louis-Jodel Chamblain – the paramilitary leader of this
phase – is a convicted
criminal, an unconvicted one was used to give the “rebels” a
public face: Guy Philippe. The Guardian ran a background piece
on March 7th that pointed out:
“While
in the military in the early 1990s, rebel leader Guy Philippe
received training
from US Special Forces in Ecuador. He later became police
chief in Cap-Haitien, where he was accused of drug-trafficking
and plotting a coup. Another rebel leader, Louis-Jodel Chamblain,
was second in command of the murderous FRAPH paramilitary
group, suspected of killing thousands during the 1991-1994
military regime. Former FRAPH leader Emmanuel 'Toto' Constant,
who lives in New York, has acknowledged working for CIA agents
while FRAPH was massacring dissidents.
”For the second
time in less than two years, the Bush administration is fighting
accusations that it backed the violent overthrow of a democratically
elected government in Latin America. Former Haitian President
Jean-Bertrand Aristide has charged the US with forcing him
from power at gunpoint. US Secretary of State Colin Powell
dismissed that as 'absurd'. But there is growing international
disquiet. As with the unsuccessful US-endorsed coup against
Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez in April 2002, Washington
faces charges that it is reverting to Cold War tactics to
dispose of leaders it does not fancy…
“…While
in the military in the early 1990s, rebel leader Guy Philippe
received training
from US Special Forces in Ecuador. He later became police
chief in Cap-Haitien, where he was accused of drug-trafficking
and plotting a coup. Another rebel leader, Louis-Jodel Chamblain,
was second in command of the murderous FRAPH paramilitary
group, suspected of killing thousands during the 1991-1994
military regime. Former FRAPH leader Emmanuel 'Toto' Constant,
who lives in New York, has acknowledged working for CIA agents
while FRAPH was massacring dissidents…
“…Aristide, like
Chavez, has been accused of a gamut of abuses, including
corruption and arming slum militias. But both were freely
elected and continued to count on fervent support from their
nation's poor majorities.
“Chavez
himself has declared Aristide's removal 'a tragedy'. 'These
are our brothers who have also been trampled by the Haitian
oligarchy and their foreign allies,' he said last week.”
Another event
adds weight to the circumstantial case for US-direction of
the coup – if what we’ve already seen isn’t enough.
During
the last stage of the coup, when Aristide was wringing his
hands and attempting
to conciliate with the US and its criminal-allies, he called
for additional security from the private security agency that
provides his bodyguards – the Steele Foundation, which performs
these functions through contracts approved by the US State
Department. The Steele Foundation called the US Embassy to
determine whether they had State Department approval, which
also means security backup in the event of an emergency. The
State Department explicitly told Steele that no such backup
would be provided, a clear message that the US government did
not want Aristide’s security detail enhanced.
Hello!
That
the ex-FRAPH have been living unmolested in the Dominican
Republic for ten
years is not an hypothesis. It is a fact. That Toto Constant
has been living in Queens, NY, for ten years is a fact. That
the US occupying forces stole 160,000 pages of Haitian documents
left by the de facto government of Raoul Cedras and have refused
to return these document to the Haitian government, papers
that likely prove CIA collaboration with the 1991 coup-makers
and the FRAPH, is a fact.
So
with this as a brief background, let’s return to John Kerry, wealthy white
opportunist and co-member of George W. Bush’s Yale grave-robbing
fraternity, Skull and Bones.
Right
now, he’s thinking
he can take the African American vote for granted. And there’s
no doubt that – contrary to all the nonsense uttered by the
white left, still trapped in their privileged moralism and
focused solely on the major party personalities with no regard
for the base – there is a difference between Republicans and
Democrats, precisely because of Democratic dependency
on Black voters. That doesn’t automatically translate into
unqualified, uncritical support for Kerry and other supremos at
the top of the Democrat hierarchy. It’s just saying this claim
that there is no difference is both white myopia and plain,
undialectical, polemical dishonesty. White people didn’t get
disfranchised this year in Texas by Republican redistricting,
and white people are not a mere generation away from spilling
blood to win that franchise.
It’s African Americans
who will have to review and respond to both the colonization
of African Americans generally, and how that colonial relation
is reflected in Democratic Party politics, not white leftists
telling Blacks to disengage and white liberals telling Blacks
to bite back resentment at Democratic cowardice and opportunism
to defeat the greater-evil. Nothing is that simple.
But this coup
d’etat in
Haiti is calling a lot of questions, so even if there is no
immediate prospect of a decisive break from imperialist parties
for African America, it certainly seems like a good time to
give the chief Democrat a taste of the Black political power
upon which he depends by asking some very tough questions,
and not giving John Kerry any wiggle room to justify it. The
Haitian people cannot be considered separate. The attack on
their sovereignty is a direct and intentional attack on Black
political power everywhere, and especially inside the United
States of America. Jean-Bertrand Aristide did not resign,
and the vast majority of Haiti is demanding his return as their
elected leader.
Supporting this demand
is a political imperative, precisely because it was not solely
an attack on Aristide, but on Africans everywhere and on popular
sovereignty for all people.
Kerry
and the rest of the Democratic Party have to step up and
acknowledge that
Haiti has been attacked to re-subjugate it, and we can follow
Congresswoman Waters’ and Congressman Rangel’s lead on this.
No
US vassal government in Haiti! Return Aristide!
Are you listening,
John?
Stan
Goff is a freelance writer, speaker, and consultant in
Raleigh, NC. He
is retired from the US Army, where he spent a career largely
in Special Operations and worked in eight conflict areas. He
is the author of “Hideous Dream – A Soldier’s
Memoir of the US Invasion of Haiti” and “Full
Spectrum Disorder – The Military in the New American
Century,” both from Soft Skull Press. His Website
is http://home.igc.org/~sherrynstan/.
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