The
most recent unemployment rate report seems to contain nothing but
good news. The overall unemployment rate is down to 3.8 percent, the
lowest that it has been since 2000. The Black unemployment rate, at
5.9 percent, is lower than it has ever been. With the white
unemployment rate at 3.5 percent, the ratio between Black and white
unemployment, usually stuck at around 2, is below 1.7 percent, a
historic low. While it is risky to make conclusions about Black
unemployment, given month-to-month fluctuations (the last time 45
crowed about low Black unemployment rates in January, the number shot
back up the following month by nearly a full percentage point), it is
clear that the employment situation for African Americans has
improved in the 500 or so days since 45 took office.
To
be sure, much of the improvement in the labor market can be
attributed to the Obama recovery. President Obama put everything in
place to ensure that the labor market improved. Still, it would be
churlish to deny that some 45-inspired policies may have improved the
employment situation. With economic growth nearing 3 percent, and
with business confidence stable, more than 220,000 new jobs were
created in May. Tax cuts have encouraged businesses to add
employees; the fact that wages have increased by more than 2 percent
suggests some slight tightening in the labor market. Good news,
right? So why aren’t workers dancing?
Black
teens have hardly any reason to dance. Although the unemployment
rate among Black teenagers dropped nearly ten percentage points, from
29 percent to 19.6 percent, a big part of this drop is contained in
the fact that fewer teens are either working or looking for work. A
year ago, there were 788,000 Black teens in the labor market, but the
number had dropped to 681,000 last month. Thus, fewer teens were
working last month (547,000) than a year ago (579,000). Even though
many teens have dropped out of the labor market because they don’t
think they can find work, it is likely that more will look for work
this summer. It is extremely unlikely that the lower unemployment
rate for teens will sustain through the summer unless businesses are
strongly motivated to hire part-time and temporary workers this
summer.
Teens
have no reason to dance, but what about the rest of us? The
unemployment rate for Black women is at an amazing low of 4.7
percent, more than two full percentage points lower than a year ago.
The labor force participation of Black women is down slightly –
there are about as many Black women in the labor force now as a year
ago, despite population growth. Additionally, 45’s threats to
cut the federal workforce, not yet substantially realized, will have
a disproportionate effect on Black women, since about 20 percent of
all Black women work for the federal government. If you combine this
with the threats to the social safety net, not yet realized, but
anticipated, one can understand why few are dancing, even though the
growth music is playing.
After
having passed massive tax cuts that will only increase the deficit,
House Republicans are talking about budgetary “clawbacks”.
Just this week, they have discussed cutting the food stamps by
requiring more work of those who receive SNAP funding (a sizeable
portion of SNAP recipients work but earn so little that they qualify
for food assistance) and frozen some unspent funds from the child
health program. House Speaker Paul Ryan, in his few remaining months
in leadership, has pledged “entitlement reform” including
Medicaid and Social Security cuts. Even with lower unemployment and
modest wage growth, these “entitlement reforms” bode ill
for many workers.
Many
would suggest that we simply celebrate the good news – lower
unemployment rates and more new jobs are certainly worth noting. But
some of the gains are shaky, not solid. Some are a function of
people dropping out of the labor market. And some people’s
economic condition will not improve, especially with anticipated
policy changes. While aggregate numbers look great, some people
aren’t dancing because they haven’t been invited to the
party.
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