Winston
Churchill once said that “History is written by the winners.”
When the Stonewall Riots occurred in 1969 the history of more than a
century-long oppressed people finally got national attention. And,
since that historical moment, the suppressed and closeted oral
histories of our fierce and courageous LGBTQ brothers and sisters
began to be documented - openly and uncensored.
In
less than half a century later a new field of inquiry called Queer
Studies began to tell our stories. And, as a young discipline, it’s
still on a fact-gathering mission.
LGBTQ
History Month is young, too. It’s a public month-long
celebration and acknowledgment of our contribution to American
History. Just twenty-three years old it was first celebrated in 1994,
as an outgrowth from National Coming out Day (October 11) founded in
1988.
As
a community that can now openly gather, preserve and archive our
history, LGBTQ History Month affords us the opportunity to celebrate
new voices and individuals to this newly emerging canon. And, the
more diversified the LGBTQ historical cannon becomes a more robust
and accurate picture emerges of the shakers and movers of a
century-long civil rights movement pre-dating Stonewall.
However,
the whitewashing that’s showcased during this month with the
usual renown figures like James Baldwin and Bayard Rustin thrown in
as tokens of inclusion does a tremendous disservice not only to the
intention of the month-long celebration but it also does a disservice
to the importance of the historical record attempting to climb out of
a queer closet now open.
Both
Black History Month in February and Women’s History Month in
March similarly omit from their month-long celebrations trailblazers
whose lives should be acknowledged, too. In presently analyzing the
intersectionality of peoples' lives historical records that were once
canonized and deemed as the gospel of truth are now being redacted
for their glaring omissions. For example, Queer Studies forced the
once deliberated and hidden omission of Bayard Rustin from the
historical annals of the 1960’s Black Civil Rights Movement to
his rightful place as a key figure. Usually mentioned as merely a
historical footnote, we can no longer accurately talk about the
historic 1963 March on Washington without Bayard Rustin. Rustin,
inarguably, is one of the tallest trees in our forest, was the
strategist and chief organizer of the March that catapulted the Rev.
Dr. Martin Luther King onto a world stage. Sadly, he’s still
largely an unknown due to the heterosexism that canonized the
history.
Queer
histories, however, are not without their blind spots, too.
For
example, African American LGBTQ communities have always existed in
Harlem, residing here since this former Dutch enclave became
America’s Black Mecca in the 1920s.
The
visibility of Harlem’s LGBTQ communities, for the most part,
was forced to be on the "down low." But gay Harlem,
nonetheless, showcased it inimitable style with rent parties,
speakeasies, sex circuses, and buffet flats as places to engage in
protected same-gender milieux.
And
let’s not forget Harlem’s notorious gay balls. During the
1920s in Harlem, the renowned Savoy Ballroom and the Rockland Palace
hosted drag ball extravaganzas with prizes awarded for the best
costumes. Harlem Renaissance writer Langston Hughes depicted the
balls as "spectacles of color." And, As expected, however,
African American ministers railed against these communities as they
continue to do today.
While
we have come to know of gay and bisexual male literary figures of the
Harlem Renaissance like Alain Locke, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes,
Claude McKay, Wallace Thurman and Richard Bruce Nugent, to name a
few, we know too little of the LBT and queer-friendly feminist women
writers. Zora Neale Hurston, Jessie Fauset, Georgia Douglas Johnson,
Nella Larsen, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, and other African American
feminist writers of the era used issues of sexuality and gender
non-conforming identities as artistic influences in their literary
works.
The
invisibility of LGBTQ and women of color is not because there is a
paucity of us that exist or made history; our invisibility is
evidence of how race, gender and sexual politics of the dominant
heterosexual cultures- black or white- are reinforced in white queer,
too.
It
leads you to believe that the only shakers and movers in the history
of people of African descent in the U.S. were and still are
heterosexuals and of LGBTQ people is white. And because of these
biases, the sheroes and heroes of LGBTQ people of African descent --
like Pat Parker, Audre Lorde, Essex Hemphill, Joseph Beam, and Bayard
Rustin -- are mostly known and lauded within a subculture of black
life.
Deceased
African-American poet and activist Pat Parker, in her book Movement
in Black, talked about how society did not embrace her multiple
identities. "If I could take all my parts with me when I go
somewhere, and not have to say to one of them, 'No, you stay home
tonight, you won't be welcome, because I'm going to an all-white
party where I can be gay, but not Black.' Or I'm going to a Black
poetry reading, and half of the poets are antihomosexual, or
thousands of situations where something of what I am cannot come with
me. The day all the different parts of me can come along, we would
have what I would call a revolution."
The
Stonewall Riots was a revolution. And, it wasn’t just white!
The historical facts are not all gathered.
For
example, the 2015 film “Stonewall” is the most disturbing
of films on the rebellion because of its apparent whitewashing of a
historic moment that turned into a movement. When I look back at the
first night of the Stonewall Inn riots, as a young teen in the riots,
I could have never imagined its future importance.
On
the first night of the Stonewall Inn riots, African-Americans and
Latinos were the largest percentages of the protesters, because we
heavily frequented the Stonewall Inn. For black and Latino homeless
youth and young adults who slept in nearby Christopher Park, the bar
was their stable domicile. The Stonewall Inn being raided was nothing
new — gay bars in the Village were routinely raided in the
1960s, but many believe the decision to raid Stonewall that fateful
night happened because the police were increasingly incensed by how
many LGBT people of color hung out there.
The
Stonewall riots of June 27-29, 1969, in Greenwich Village started on
the backs of working-class African-American and Latino queers who
patronized that bar. Those brown and black LGBTQ people are not only
absent from the photos of that night but have been bleached from its
written history. Many LGBTQ blacks and Latinos argue that one of the
reasons for the gulf between whites and themselves is about how the
dominant queer community rewrote and continues to control the
narrative of Stonewall.
LGBTQ
History Month can be a public acknowledgment of correcting the
record.
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