For
many years, it has been the rule that advocates of the independence
of Third World nations have viewed with alarm the “land grabs”
that have been growing in number and size by rich nations and
transnational corporations on most continents, especially Africa,
South and Central America, and Asia.
Mainly,
it has been because the land grabs have displaced indigenous peoples
around the world and made them field workers, instead of farmers.
While it’s true that they may have just been able to subsist on
the produce of their (mostly) small farms, they might have prospered
if they had had a small assist from foreign governments and
non-profit aid organizations to make their own small farms flourish
and their communities prosper. The land grabs have involved
thousands-to-millions of acres of land in places like Somalia,
Ethiopia, the sub-Saharan areas of Africa, as well as the rainforests
of Asia (Indonesia, for example) and South America.
The
alarm has been raised by many non-profits around the world because of
the speed at which the land has been taken, usually with the blessing
of the heads of state, who can be convinced of the benefits of such
takings, which bring western technological innovations and strange
(to many of the local farmers) techniques of modern agricultural
practices. It has been generally accepted that the countries which
participate in the land grabs are doing so for the benefit of their
own people or markets and not for the benefit of the displaced
communities.
A
different take on the land grabs by China was included in an article
in Bloomberg News last month, when the speculation was that China was
doing more than just producing food for its own population of 1.4
billion people. The Chinese are aware that what they are doing long
term to become food self-sufficient is an attempt to mitigate the
future problem they will confront when their own population surge and
the fast-growing populations on other continents, Asia, Africa, and
South America, will add another 2 billion people within the next
generation. That deadline will come in about 2040.
China,
like most countries with growing populations, are concerned about
food crises, which could occur well before 2040, so they are trying
to re-acquire more of their own farmland, save the agricultural land
that they do have, and clean up the land that has been rendered toxic
by rapid and uncontrolled growth over the past several decades. That
growth has been fueled by industrialization that has occurred over at
least the past 30 years, when much of the world’s clothing,
shoes, and electronics have been largely produced and exported by
Chinese industry, owned either by the state or private interests.
Much of that nation’s prime farmland has been taken for
industrial development and now, farsighted planners aim to head off a
food crisis.
“Land
reforms lifted production of grains like rice and wheat, and millions
joined a newly wealthy middle class that ate more vegetables and pork
and wanted rare luxuries like beef and milk,” Bloomberg News
noted. In other words, that population of 1.4 billion human beings
want to eat and live more like the U.S. and other rich countries.
China is trying to accomplish that far in advance of a crisis need
for food to meet the demand of its domestic market.
The
changes that China is making may go a long way toward accomplishing
the national goal of becoming self-sufficient in food production.
So, why are they going out into the rest of the world to indulge in
“land grabs?” The problem is that they likely won’t
be able to produce everything that their people demand in their food
markets. They might just produce most of it. The Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that, by
2050, there could be as many as 9.7 billion to feed and shortages can
cause turmoil and worse, as they have in Third World countries in the
recent past.
“That
was one impetus behind China’s so-called land grab, where it
bought or leased land in countries like Mozambique to secure grain
supplies.” according to Bloomberg. “Yet many of the
projects backed by the Chinese government are aimed more at
increasing production in poor countries and building China’s
global influence than supplying its supermarkets.”
Now,
that’s a new one. China, a nation on the move to aid poorer
countries in feeding themselves? It’s hard to imagine that any
country, either rich or powerful (or both), would do good just for
the sake of the people who live there, many on the edge of survival.
But that’s what Bloomberg News speculates that they’re
doing. If so, they are on track to become on a par with the U.S.,
“the world’s only superpower,” along with the
European Union and Russia, two of the other powers.
In
an era in which imperialism has taken on a new form, China might be
onto something. In the past, empires ruled by conquest, by the
sword, by the gun, by coercion, by bureaucratic structures, and by
the enrichment of the elites, who wielded little power, although they
had the title of president, prime minister, or some other name. It
was a cumbersome way to take the resources of a nation, since the
imperial power had the obligation, usually honored in the breach, of
seeing to the general welfare of the conquered people. This has been
true throughout most of history, until the “softer imperialism”
took hold, somewhere in mid-20th
Century. Although the devastation to the colony was just as
profound, there were no marching imperial armies in the streets, and
the government went on as before. It’s just that the colony’s
economy was brought under the overpowering influence of the empire,
while its control of the politics and governance were such that the
imperial power held sway over much of national life, including a new
culture.
In
contrast to China’s new technique (if Bloomberg News is right)
of speaking softly in the world arena, the U.S. has a president who
struts around the world issuing criticisms and threats as if he is
the boss of a reality show called the United States of America. It
was bad enough before he took office, since neither of the two major
parties seemed to have a clue about where the country was going or
should go. If the working class thought it had a friend in either
party, all its members needed to go back to school. Once Donald
Trump was elected president, the lies came thicker and became more
preposterous, as he had no intention to keep any of his promises to
the middle and working classes. He probably didn’t even
remember them by late January.
His recent performance
over nine days in Europe and the Middle East was described as a “home
run,” by few, other than Trump himself. Most others had a
different view of his performance, since he managed to insult and
bully his way through meetings with world leaders. He even perceives
himself to be one of those leaders.
But,
he managed to leave them confused at every turn, and they had a hard
time keeping up with his penchant for changing opinions and policies
at a whim. When they saw him close at hand and were subject to his
persona in the flesh, it was not such a revelation to figure out what
he was about. It’s likely that Trump doesn’t believe
that any other world leader reads newspapers or books and was
probably not aware that they knew him quite well, before he ever set
foot on foreign soil as president. What he surely does not
understand is that nations fear the U.S. and many, if not most, have
little respect for what the U.S. has become.
It
may be that China is helping poorer countries increase their food
production, even though China surely benefits from any arrangement
that smacks of land grab. But the nations that benefit from China’s
real help on the ground will perceive the country in a different
light, one not so harsh as the U.S. has been in its treatment of
poorer nations. The realpolitik of it all is that any rich nation
that deals with poorer nations that have vital resources will exact
their commission. And, if China is taking advantage of poor nations
in a gentler way today, the plan has been in the works for a long
time, possibly years. If it works, it will take the U.S. a long time
to catch up to it. To emulate this technique will take a long time,
and the U.S. may not catch up within the next decade.
In
the meantime, the U.S. carries on with its big-stick policies of
foreign aid and invasions of various countries and meddling in their
national affairs, including regime change and planning for regime
change. As the new U.S. president and ruler, Trump is crashing about
the world, moaning about how the entire world has taken advantage of
his country and how he intends to change that. There appears to be
no plan to change to a gentler method of exploitation of the rest of
the world, since in his own country he has deep-sixed environmental
regulations, intends to slash programs like health care, welfare, and
food stamps, has no plans for a housing program or a jobs program,
and has turned the education system over to a woman who wants nothing
more than to privatize K-12 schooling, to the extent possible.
German
Chancellor Angela Merkel, after Trump’s trip and his many
meetings in several countries, has said, in effect, that Trump can’t
be trusted and that the European Union is on its own, especially on
the issues of climate change, the Paris accord, and NATO. The
president’s nine-day trip has given a chance to let the rest of
the world see that he will do to the world what he is doing to the
U.S. His goal seems to be to relieve the people of any shred of
confidence in the integrity of the country’s institutions and
of government, itself, so that it can be replaced by something
dreamed up by him and his Republican supporters in the Congress.
This, he had done with international agreements and treaties, as he
tries to bend them all to his will.
The
U.S.A. has in its bully pulpit a real bully and the outcome of his
political and policy thrashing about may not be any more positive
than that of a schoolyard bully whose teacher is not supervising the
playground.
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