When
Bobby Sands started a hunger strike in protest of “the
troubles” in Northern Ireland in 1981, it was given wide
coverage in newspapers and broadcast reports around the world.
His
death on May 5, 1981, and the deaths of nine other hunger strikers
caused an upsurge in both activity and recruitment of the Provisional
Irish Republic Army, from those who praised the sacrifice of the
strikers and condemnation of those who felt that the Irish in the
north should just keep quiet and suffer the bias, discrimination, and
hatred of those in control of the government, the British.
To
its credit, the press around the world paid attention to the issues
involved at the time and the deaths of nine others with Sands, and so
the centuries-old control of Ireland by England was brought to the
world’s attention, and for years attempts were made to try to
reconcile the problem of a very old occupation.
Now
comes a hunger strike in which some 1,600 are estimated to have
started about a month ago, with some 1,000 continuing. Have you
heard of it? Probably not. Perhaps, it is because it is among
Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails and it is a potential tragedy
of great proportion. The hunger strikers are asking several things
that prisoners around the world, at least in the “free world,”
are provided without much resistance by their jailers.
In
this case, however, there is not much, if any, coverage in the
mainstream media, not in the U.S., according to Jewish Voice for
Peace (JvP). What the prisoners are seeking: access to phones,
family visits, basic and appropriate medical care, an end to solitary
confinement, and the end of administrative detention (indefinite
detention without charges or trial). That seems like a modest list
of things that even prisoners need while they are being detained,
with some facing the prospect of administrative detention, which
could mean imprisonment for life.
The
U.S. has had its own hunger strikers to deal with, this time at
Guantanamo, where hundreds of Muslims were being kept since the time
of the Bush-Cheney invasion of Iraq. The George W. Bush
Administration did not want to keep those they considered terrorists
in the Middle East in the U.S. proper, so they constructed the prison
in Cuba. They believed that keeping them out of the U.S. would make
it easier to detain them, many without charge. In the sweeps that
resulted from the call to capture terrorists, many who had done
nothing wrong were imprisoned there and many were youngsters at the
time of capture.
When
hunger strikes began among the Guantanamo prisoners, there was
considerable coverage in the domestic press, but the government did
not want any of them to die in captivity on Bush’s watch, so
they started a program of forced feeding, which is widely considered
a form of torture. Anyone who has undergone just one session of
forced feeding has readily agreed that it is, indeed, torture.
That
was not the first case of forced feeding that drew the interest of
the world’s press. The women suffragettes in both the U.S. and
England used hunger strikes to call attention to the injustice of
their not having the right to vote, even though they were at least
half the population. And, black citizens and other minorities have
undergone similar and, in many cases, worse treatment before they
were granted the franchise. The U.S. has had its more recent hunger
strikes (in the religious sense, it is a fast), including Cesar
Chavez, leader of the United Farm Workers, who fasted three times and
drew the support of some of the leading figures in both politics and
entertainment. In that way, he brought the American people’s
attention to the plight of farm workers around the country.
One
of the most famous cases was Gandhi, who fasted several times in
protest of the continued colonial occupation of India by the United
Kingdom. There are many others, but in most instances, the word was
out and most of the people of the country at least had heard of the
fast or hunger strike. Again, some of these fasters were not
imprisoned because the authorities did not want any fallout from
anyone on a hunger strike to die in custody, thereby becoming a
martyr to the cause.
In
the case of Israel and the most recent hunger strike of Palestinians,
even though few might be paying attention in the world press, they do
not want the strikers dying in their custody. So, there was at least
one report that Israel might seek foreign doctors to force feed the
prisoners, as necessary to keep them alive.
The
problem with that is that the World Medical Association, in a 1975
declaration in Tokyo, stated that doctors were not to perform forced
feeding, as it is in violation of medical ethics, since it is
considered to be torture. Eventually, the American Medical
Association (AMA) endorsed the WMA declaration, but since neither
body has any legal power, it can be assumed that governments will do
what they want. For the U.S., there is an out in the U.S. Code of
Federal Regulations which, in the case of hunger strikes, states: “It
is the responsibility of the Bureau of Prisons to monitor the health
and welfare of individual inmates, and to ensure that procedures are
pursued to preserve life. It also states that when “…a
medical necessity for immediate treatment of a life or health
threatening situation exists, the physician may order that treatment
be administered without the consent of the inmate.” And, how
hard would it be for prison officials, in the U.S. or Israel or any
other country, to declare an inmate incompetent, so that force
feeding the individual can be effected?
The
New York Times did publish a statement by Marwan
Barghouthi, although in a “correction” in a later
edition, it identified him as a terrorist, not just the strike
leader, according to JvP, which noted that the Times “buckled
to right-wing pressure,” in making the correction.
Barghouthi’s statement, in part, asked, “What
is it with the arrogance of the occupier and the oppressor and their
backers that makes them deaf to this simple truth: Our chains will be
broken before we are, because it is human nature to heed the call for
freedom regardless of the cost.
… [The state of Israel]
turned basic rights that should be guaranteed under international law
— including some painfully secured through previous hunger
strikes — into privileges its prison service decides to grant
us or deprive us of.” While there is war,
turmoil, and disaster around the world, the quest for justice is
never ending and there is hope among those who are voiceless.
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